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Object counting has progressed from class-specific models, which count only known categories, to class-agnostic models that generalize to unseen categories. The next challenge is Referring Expression Counting (REC), where the goal is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kostas Triaridis , Panagiotis Kaliosis , E-Ro Nguyen , Jingyi Xu , Hieu Le , Dimitris Samaras

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to localize the image region corresponding to a natural language query. Recent neuro-symbolic REC approaches leverage large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) to perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hyejin Park , Junhyuk Kwon , Suha Kwak , Jungseul Ok

Previous research on word embeddings has shown that sparse representations, which can be either learned on top of existing dense embeddings or obtained through model constraints during training time, have the benefit of increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Valentin Trifonov , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Anna Potapenko , Thomas Hofmann

Humans frequently use referring (identifying) expressions to refer to objects. Especially in ambiguous settings, humans prefer expressions (called relational referring expressions) that describe an object with respect to a distinguishing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Hazan Anayurt , Sezai Artun Ozyegin , Ulfet Cetin , Utku Aktas , Sinan Kalkan

Weakly supervised Referring Expression Grounding (REG) aims to ground a particular target in an image described by a language expression while lacking the correspondence between target and expression. Two main problems exist in weakly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xuejing Liu , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Zechao Li , Qi Tian , Qingming Huang

Conventional referring expression comprehension (REF) assumes people to query something from an image by describing its visual appearance and spatial location, but in practice, we often ask for an object by describing its affordance or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Peng Wang , Dongyang Liu , Hui Li , Qi Wu

Grounding referring expressions in images aims to locate the object instance in an image described by a referring expression. It involves a joint understanding of natural language and image content, and is essential for a range of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Sibei Yang , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu

The goal of this work is to segment the objects in an image that are referred to by a sequence of linguistic descriptions (referring expressions). We propose a deep neural network with recurrent layers that output a sequence of binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Alba Herrera-Palacio , Carles Ventura , Carina Silberer , Ionut-Teodor Sorodoc , Gemma Boleda , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Referring Expression Counting (REC) extends class-level object counting to the fine-grained subclass-level, aiming to enumerate objects matching a textual expression that specifies both the class and distinguishing attribute. A fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuda Zou , Zijian Zhang , Yongchao Xu

Referring expression segmentation (RES) aims at segmenting the foreground masks of the entities that match the descriptive natural language expression. Previous datasets and methods for classic RES task heavily rely on the prior assumption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Wenxuan Wang , Tongtian Yue , Yisi Zhang , Longteng Guo , Xingjian He , Xinlong Wang , Jing Liu

Recent breakthrough results in compressed sensing (CS) have established that many high dimensional objects can be accurately recovered from a relatively small number of non- adaptive linear projection observations, provided that the objects…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-30 Akshay Soni , Jarvis Haupt

The success of graph embeddings or node representation learning in a variety of downstream tasks, such as node classification, link prediction, and recommendation systems, has led to their popularity in recent years. Representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Saba A. Al-Sayouri , Danai Koutra , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Sarah S. Lam

Referring expression counting (REC) is an intention-driven task that requires context-aware visual reasoning. While recent vision-language models incorporate language for visual understanding, most existing REC methods rely on rulebased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hui Liu , Yunlai Teng , Kunlong Bai , Pengfei Qi , Haotian Yan , Liang Li , Junlan Feng

Weakly supervised referring expression grounding aims at localizing the referential object in an image according to the linguistic query, where the mapping between the referential object and query is unknown in the training stage. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Xuejing Liu , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Dechao Meng , Qingming Huang

We propose an end-to-end approach to the natural language object retrieval task, which localizes an object within an image according to a natural language description, i.e., referring expression. Previous works divide this problem into two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Fan Wu , Zhongwen Xu , Yi Yang

The usage of transformers has grown from learning about language semantics to forming meaningful visiolinguistic representations. These architectures are often over-parametrized, requiring large amounts of computation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Prajjwal Bhargava

As an important step towards visual reasoning, visual grounding (e.g., phrase localization, referring expression comprehension/segmentation) has been widely explored Previous approaches to referring expression comprehension (REC) or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Muchen Li , Leonid Sigal

Adaptive inference is an effective mechanism to achieve a dynamic tradeoff between accuracy and computational cost in deep networks. Existing works mainly exploit architecture redundancy in network depth or width. In this paper, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Le Yang , Yizeng Han , Xi Chen , Shiji Song , Jifeng Dai , Gao Huang

Referring remote sensing image segmentation (RRSIS) enables the precise delineation of regions within remote sensing imagery through natural language descriptions, serving critical applications in disaster response, urban development, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhe Dong , Yuzhe Sun , Tianzhu Liu , Yanfeng Gu

In this paper, we address the problem of referring expression comprehension in videos, which is challenging due to complex expression and scene dynamics. Unlike previous methods which solve the problem in multiple stages (i.e., tracking,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Sijie Song , Xudong Lin , Jiaying Liu , Zongming Guo , Shih-Fu Chang