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We propose a suite of reasoning tasks on two types of relations between procedural events: goal-step relations ("learn poses" is a step in the larger goal of "doing yoga") and step-step temporal relations ("buy a yoga mat" typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Li Zhang , Qing Lyu , Chris Callison-Burch

We introduce STREET, a unified multi-task and multi-domain natural language reasoning and explanation benchmark. Unlike most existing question-answering (QA) datasets, we expect models to not only answer questions, but also produce…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

Reliably counting and generating sequences of items remain a significant challenge for neural networks, including Large Language Models (LLMs). Indeed, although this capability is readily handled by rule-based symbolic systems based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kuinan Hou , Marco Zorzi , Alberto Testolin

Large reasoning models have recently demonstrated strong performance on complex tasks that require long chain-of-thought reasoning, through supervised fine-tuning on large-scale and high-quality datasets. To construct such datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bing Wang , Rui Miao , Chen Shen , Shaotian Yan , Kaiyuan Liu , Ximing Li , Xiaosong Yuan , Sinan Fan , Jun Zhang , Jieping Ye

Recent work has shown that language models (LMs) have strong multi-step (i.e., procedural) reasoning capabilities. However, it is unclear whether LMs perform these tasks by cheating with answers memorized from pretraining corpus, or, via a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yifan Hou , Jiaoda Li , Yu Fei , Alessandro Stolfo , Wangchunshu Zhou , Guangtao Zeng , Antoine Bosselut , Mrinmaya Sachan

Can Large Language Models (LLMs) accurately predict election outcomes? While LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance in various domains, including healthcare, legal analysis, and creative tasks, their ability to forecast elections…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Chenxiao Yu , Zhaotian Weng , Yuangang Li , Zheng Li , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Despite significant progress in robotic systems for operation within human-centric environments, existing models still heavily rely on explicit human commands to identify and manipulate specific objects. This limits their effectiveness in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shiyu Jin , Jinxuan Xu , Yutian Lei , Liangjun Zhang

Despite significant achievements in improving the instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the ability to process multiple potentially entangled or conflicting instructions remains a considerable challenge.…

The recent progress in large language models (LLMs), especially the invention of chain-of-thought prompting, has made it possible to automatically answer questions by stepwise reasoning. However, when faced with more complicated problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Ning Miao , Yee Whye Teh , Tom Rainforth

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language tasks but still face challenges in Question Answering (QA) tasks requiring complex, multi-step reasoning. We outline the types of reasoning required in some of these tasks, and reframe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nick Ferguson , Liane Guillou , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Dialogue summarization is a challenging task with significant practical value in customer service, meeting analysis, and conversational AI. Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in summarization tasks, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Keyan Jin , Yapeng Wang , Leonel Santos , Tao Fang , Xu Yang , Sio Kei Im , Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira

Enhancing the capability of large language models (LLMs) in reasoning has gained significant attention in recent years. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various prompting strategies in aiding LLMs in reasoning (called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Murong Yue , Wenlin Yao , Haitao Mi , Dian Yu , Ziyu Yao , Dong Yu

We introduce LLM CHESS, an evaluation framework designed to probe the generalization of reasoning and instruction-following abilities in large language models (LLMs) through extended agentic interaction in the domain of chess. We rank over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Kolasani , Maxim Saplin , Nicholas Crispino , Kyle Montgomery , Jared Quincy Davis , Matei Zaharia , Chi Wang , Chenguang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been found to struggle with systematic reasoning. Even on tasks where they appear to perform well, their performance often depends on shortcuts, rather than on genuine reasoning abilities, leading them to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Irtaza Khalid , Amir Masoud Nourollah , Steven Schockaert

Sentence-level classification and sequential labeling are two fundamental tasks in language understanding. While these two tasks are usually modeled separately, in reality, they are often correlated, for example in intent classification and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Mingbo Ma , Kai Zhao , Liang Huang , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou

Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks, where each intermediate step plays an important role in the reasoning process. Since language models are prone to various types of errors during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingyang Song , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Jiawei Zhou , Yu Cheng

In this paper, we propose sequence-based pretraining methods to enhance procedural understanding in natural language processing. Procedural text, containing sequential instructions to accomplish a task, is difficult to understand due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Abhilash Nandy , Yash Kulkarni , Pawan Goyal , Niloy Ganguly

Recent progress in large language models (LLM) found chain-of-thought prompting strategies to improve the reasoning ability of LLMs by encouraging problem solving through multiple steps. Therefore, subsequent research aimed to integrate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ting-Ruen Wei , Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Yi Fang