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Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations…

In deepfake detection, the varying degrees of compression employed by social media platforms pose significant challenges for model generalization and reliability. Although existing methods have progressed from single-modal to multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ching-Yi Lai , Chih-Yu Jian , Pei-Cheng Chuang , Chia-Ming Lee , Chih-Chung Hsu , Chiou-Ting Hsu , Chia-Wen Lin

Existing vision-text contrastive learning like CLIP aims to match the paired image and caption embeddings while pushing others apart, which improves representation transferability and supports zero-shot prediction. However, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Zifeng Wang , Zhenbang Wu , Dinesh Agarwal , Jimeng Sun

Supervised contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success by leveraging label information; however, determining positive samples in multi-label scenarios remains a critical challenge. In multi-label supervised contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guangming Huang , Yunfei Long , Cunjin Luo

Cross-modal contrastive learning has led the recent advances in multimodal retrieval with its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, however, we reveal that cross-modal contrastive learning suffers from incorrect normalization of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Yookoon Park , Mahmoud Azab , Bo Xiong , Seungwhan Moon , Florian Metze , Gourab Kundu , Kirmani Ahmed

In a wide range of multimodal tasks, contrastive learning has become a particularly appealing approach since it can successfully learn representations from abundant unlabeled data with only pairing information (e.g., image-caption or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Paul Pu Liang , Zihao Deng , Martin Ma , James Zou , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Contrastive pretraining is well-known to improve downstream task performance and model generalisation, especially in limited label settings. However, it is sensitive to the choice of augmentation pipeline. Positive pairs should preserve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Melanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Galvin Khara , Ben Glocker

Contrastive vision-language models such as CLIP have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks by learning from aligned image-text pairs. However, their ability to handle complex, real-world web documents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yiqi Lin , Alex Jinpeng Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Mike Zheng Shou

Supervised Contrastive Loss (SCL) is popular in visual representation learning. Given an anchor image, SCL pulls two types of positive samples, i.e., its augmentation and other images from the same class together, while pushes negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shiyu Xuan , Shiliang Zhang

While contrastive learning is proven to be an effective training strategy in computer vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is only recently adopting it as a self-supervised alternative to Masked Language Modeling (MLM) for improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Hooman Sedghamiz , Shivam Raval , Enrico Santus , Tuka Alhanai , Mohammad Ghassemi

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) plays an important role in exploring complementary information for multi-view clustering (MVC) and has attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, real-world multi-view data suffer from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hongqing He , Jie Xu , Wenyuan Yang , Yonghua Zhu , Guoqiu Wen , Xiaofeng Zhu

Contrastive learning has emerged as a pivotal framework for representation learning, underpinning advances in both unimodal and bimodal applications like SimCLR and CLIP. To address fundamental limitations like large batch size dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ajay Jagannath , Aayush Upadhyay , Anant Mehta

Vision-language representation learning largely benefits from image-text alignment through contrastive losses (e.g., InfoNCE loss). The success of this alignment strategy is attributed to its capability in maximizing the mutual information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jinyu Yang , Jiali Duan , Son Tran , Yi Xu , Sampath Chanda , Liqun Chen , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi , Junzhou Huang

Multimodal learning aims to imitate human beings to acquire complementary information from multiple modalities for various downstream tasks. However, traditional aggregation-based multimodal fusion methods ignore the inter-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Heqing Zou , Meng Shen , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Deepu Rajan , Eng Siong Chng

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in learning representations through comparison methods that align with human intuition. However, mainstream SSL methods heavily rely on high body datasets with single label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiale Chen

Learning semantic-rich representations from raw unlabeled time series data is critical for downstream tasks such as classification and forecasting. Contrastive learning has recently shown its promising representation learning capability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Qianwen Meng , Hangwei Qian , Yong Liu , Lizhen Cui , Yonghui Xu , Zhiqi Shen

Multimodal contrastive learning (MCL) aims to embed data from different modalities in a shared embedding space. However, empirical evidence shows that representations from different modalities occupy completely separate regions of embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Lingjie Yi , Raphael Douady , Chao Chen

Recent advances in image-text pretraining have significantly enhanced visual understanding by aligning visual and textual representations. Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has played a pivotal role in multimodal learning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zihan Li , Yiqing Wang , Sina Farsiu , Paul Kinahan

We investigate contrastive learning in the federated setting through the lens of SimCLR and multi-view mutual information maximization. In doing so, we uncover a connection between contrastive representation learning and user verification;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Christos Louizos , Matthias Reisser , Denis Korzhenkov

Cross-modal retrieval is the task of retrieving samples of a given modality by using queries of a different one. Due to the wide range of practical applications, the problem has been mainly focused on the vision and language case, e.g. text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jorge Sánchez , Rodrigo Laguna