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Many NLP tasks exhibit human label variation, where different annotators give different labels to the same texts. This variation is known to depend, at least in part, on the sociodemographics of annotators. Recent research aims to model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Matthias Orlikowski , Paul Röttger , Philipp Cimiano , Dirk Hovy

Human-annotated content is often used to train machine learning (ML) models. However, recently, language and multi-modal foundational models have been used to replace and scale-up human annotator's efforts. This study explores the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nardiena A. Pratama , Shaoyang Fan , Gianluca Demartini

Emotion recognition has a pivotal role in affective computing and in human-computer interaction. The current technological developments lead to increased possibilities of collecting data about the emotional state of a person. In general,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Andreea Birhala , Catalin Nicolae Ristea , Anamaria Radoi , Liviu Cristian Dutu

This paper proposes a learning model, based on rank-fusion graphs, for general applicability in multimodal prediction tasks, such as multimodal regression and image classification. Rank-fusion graphs encode information from multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Icaro Cavalcante Dourado , Salvatore Tabbone , Ricardo da Silva Torres

Representation Learning is a significant and challenging task in multimodal learning. Effective modality representations should contain two parts of characteristics: the consistency and the difference. Due to the unified multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Wenmeng Yu , Hua Xu , Ziqi Yuan , Jiele Wu

Label aggregation such as majority voting is commonly used to resolve annotator disagreement in dataset creation. However, this may disregard minority values and opinions. Recent studies indicate that learning from individual annotations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xinpeng Wang , Barbara Plank

This research presents a novel multimodal data fusion methodology for pain behavior recognition, integrating statistical correlation analysis with human-centered insights. Our approach introduces two key innovations: 1) integrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xingrui Gu , Zhixuan Wang , Irisa Jin , Zekun Wu

We learn about the world from a diverse range of sensory information. Automated systems lack this ability as investigation has centred on processing information presented in a single form. Adapting architectures to learn from multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jason Armitage , Shramana Thakur , Rishi Tripathi , Jens Lehmann , Maria Maleshkova

Multimodal AI models are increasingly used in fields like healthcare, finance, and autonomous driving, where information is drawn from multiple sources or modalities such as images, texts, audios, videos. However, effectively managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Grigor Bezirganyan , Sana Sellami , Laure Berti-Équille , Sébastien Fournier

Human annotation is central to NLP evaluation, yet subjective tasks often exhibit substantial variability across annotators. While large language models (LLMs) can provide structured reasoning to support annotation, their influence on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Smitha Muthya Sudheendra , Jaideep Srivastava

Feature alignment serves as the primary mechanism for fusing multimodal data. We put forth a feature alignment approach that achieves full integration of multimodal information. This is accomplished via an alternating process of shifting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiahao Qin

The image annotation stage is a critical and often the most time-consuming part required for training and evaluating object detection and semantic segmentation models. Deployment of the existing models in novel environments often requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yimeng Li , Navid Rajabi , Sulabh Shrestha , Md Alimoor Reza , Jana Kosecka

Misinformation is often conveyed in multiple modalities, e.g. a miscaptioned image. Multimodal misinformation is perceived as more credible by humans, and spreads faster than its text-only counterparts. While an increasing body of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Mubashara Akhtar , Michael Schlichtkrull , Zhijiang Guo , Oana Cocarascu , Elena Simperl , Andreas Vlachos

We present a new multimodal question answering challenge, ManyModalQA, in which an agent must answer a question by considering three distinct modalities: text, images, and tables. We collect our data by scraping Wikipedia and then utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Darryl Hannan , Akshay Jain , Mohit Bansal

Multi-modal learning has shown exceptional performance in various tasks, especially in medical applications, where it integrates diverse medical information for comprehensive diagnostic evidence. However, there still are several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Lin Fan , Yafei Ou , Cenyang Zheng , Pengyu Dai , Tamotsu Kamishima , Masayuki Ikebe , Kenji Suzuki , Xun Gong

Multimodal AI models have achieved impressive performance in tasks that require integrating information from multiple modalities, such as vision and language. However, their "black-box" nature poses a major barrier to deployment in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zhanliang Wang , Kai Wang

In supervised learning, low quality annotations lead to poorly performing classification and detection models, while also rendering evaluation unreliable. This is particularly apparent on temporal data, where annotation quality is affected…

Multi-modal sentiment analysis plays an important role for providing better interactive experiences to users. Each modality in multi-modal data can provide different viewpoints or reveal unique aspects of a user's emotional state. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Debapriya Banerjee , Fotios Lygerakis , Fillia Makedon

It is increasingly recognized that human annotators do not always agree, and such disagreement is inherent in many annotation tasks. However, not all instances in a given task elicit the same degree of opinion divergence. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Leixin Zhang , Çağrı Çöltekin

Multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to identify equivalent entities between two multi-modal knowledge graphs for integration. Unfortunately, prior arts have attempted to improve the interaction and fusion of multi-modal information,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Luyao Wang , Pengnian Qi , Xigang Bao , Chunlai Zhou , Biao Qin