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This paper describes REAP, a software-hardware approach that enables high performance sparse linear algebra computations on a cooperative CPU-FPGA platform. REAP carefully separates the task of organizing the matrix elements from the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Mohammadreza Soltaniyeh , Richard P. Martin , Santosh Nagarakatte

Analytical framework for predicting General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) performance on modern GPUs, focusing on runtime, power consumption, and energy efficiency. Our study employs two approaches: a custom-implemented tiled matrix…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaoteng , Liu , Pavly Halim

Weight-only quantization has emerged as a promising solution to the deployment challenges of large language models (LLMs). However, it necessitates FP-INT operations, which make implementation on general-purpose hardware like GPUs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gunho Park , Hyeokjun Kwon , Jiwoo Kim , Jeongin Bae , Baeseong Park , Dongsoo Lee , Youngjoo Lee

Fast Multipole Methods (FMM) are a fundamental operation for the simulation of many physical problems. The high performance design of such methods usually requires to carefully tune the algorithm for both the targeted physics and the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-06-04 Emmanuel Agullo , Béranger Bramas , Olivier Coulaud , Eric Darve , Matthias Messner , Takahashi Toru

Edge deployment of low-batch large language models (LLMs) faces critical memory bandwidth bottlenecks when executing memory-intensive general matrix-vector multiplications (GEMV) operations. While digital processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ye Lin , Chao Fang , Xiaoyong Song , Qi Wu , Anying Jiang , Yichuan Bai , Li Du

Despite the significant potential of FP8 data formats for large language model (LLM) pre-training, their adoption has been limited due to challenges in maintaining stability at scale. Existing approaches often rely on suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Alejandro Hernández-Cano , Dhia Garbaya , Imanol Schlag , Martin Jaggi

Algorithm learning is a core problem in artificial intelligence with significant implications on automation level that can be achieved by machines. Recently deep learning methods are emerging for synthesizing an algorithm from its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Karlis Freivalds , Renars Liepins

Sparse generalized matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a fundamental operation for real-world network analysis. With the increasing size of real-world networks, the single-machine-based SpGEMM approach cannot perform SpGEMM on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Myung-Hwan Jang , Yunyong Ko , Hyuck-Moo Gwon , Ikhyeon Jo , Yongjun Park , Sang-Wook Kim

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in both training of neural networks and inference. To accelerate matrix multiplication, Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) provide it implemented in hardware. Due to the increased throughput…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Faizan A. Khattak , Mantas Mikaitis

Modern central processing units (CPUs) feature single-instruction, multiple-data pipelines to accelerate compute-intensive floating-point and fixed-point workloads. Traditionally, these pipelines and corresponding instruction set…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Stefan Remke , Alexander Breuer

GEneral Matrix Multiplications (GEMMs) are recurrent in high-performance computing and deep learning workloads. Typically, high-end CPUs accelerate GEMM workloads with Single-Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) or vector Instruction Set…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alexandre de Limas Santana , Adrià Armejach , Francesc Martinez , Erich Focht , Marc Casas

Modern Neural Network (NN) architectures heavily rely on vast numbers of multiply-accumulate arithmetic operations, constituting the predominant computational cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-throughput, scalable and energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xuqi Zhu , Huaizhi Zhang , JunKyu Lee , Jiacheng Zhu , Chandrajit Pal , Sangeet Saha , Klaus D. McDonald-Maier , Xiaojun Zhai

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are used to solve search and optimization problems in which an optimal solution can be found using an iterative process with probabilistic and non-deterministic transitions. However, depending on the problem's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Matheus F. Torquato , Marcelo A. C. Fernandes

Many domains, from deep learning to finance, require compounding real numbers over long sequences, often leading to catastrophic numerical underflow or overflow. We introduce generalized orders of magnitude (GOOMs), a principled extension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Franz A. Heinsen , Leo Kozachkov

Over the past few years, several microring resonator (MRR)-based analog photonic architectures have been proposed to accelerate general matrix-matrix multiplications (GEMMs), which are found in abundance in deep learning workloads.These…

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables secure computation on encrypted data, addressing privacy concerns in cloud computing. However, the high computational cost of HE operations, particularly matrix multiplication (MM), remains a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhihan Xu , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Matrix-matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation of great importance to scientific computing and, increasingly, machine learning. It is a simple enough concept to be introduced in a typical high school algebra course yet in practice…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-09-02 Jianyu Huang , Robert A. van de Geijn

Stereo depth estimation is used for many computer vision applications. Though many popular methods strive solely for depth quality, for real-time mobile applications (e.g. prosthetic glasses or micro-UAVs), speed and power efficiency are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-09 Oscar Rahnama , Tommaso Cavallari , Stuart Golodetz , Simon Walker , Philip H. S. Torr

We present teraflop-scale calculations of biomolecular electrostatics enabled by the combination of algorithmic and hardware acceleration. The algorithmic acceleration is achieved with the fast multipole method (FMM) in conjunction with a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2011-09-21 Rio Yokota , Jaydeep P. Bardhan , Matthew G. Knepley , L. A. Barba , Tsuyoshi Hamada

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) multiplies a sparse matrix with a dense vector. SpMV plays a crucial role in many applications, from graph analytics to deep learning. The random memory accesses of the sparse matrix make…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Linghao Song , Yuze Chi , Licheng Guo , Jason Cong