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Related papers: A spatiotemporal oscillator model for ENSO

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The quantification of the interannual component of variability in climatological time series is essential for the assessment and prediction of the El Ni\~{n}o - Southern Oscillation phenomenon. This is achieved by estimating the deviation…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-14 Tommaso Proietti , Alessandro Giovannelli

Dominant modes of SST in the west and east Pacific show strong but regionally different gradients caused by waves, internal dynamics, and anthropogenic warming, which drives air-sea interaction in the Pacific. The study discusses the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Lekshmi S , Rajib Chattopadhyay , D. S. Pai , M. Rajeevan , Vinu Valsala , K. S. Hosalikar , M. Mohapatra

El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts global climate and societal impacts, but real-time prediction with lead times beyond one year remains challenging. Dynamical models suffer from large biases and uncertainties, while deep learning…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Rixu Hao , Yuxin Zhao , Shaoqing Zhang , Guihua Wang , Xiong Deng

We present a new approach to forecasting North Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) by recognizing that interannual variability primarily reflects amplitude changes in four dominant seasonal cycles. Our multivariate linear model…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Rameshan Kallummal

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are two dominant modes of tropical climate variability, each with profound global weather impacts. While their individual dynamics have been widely studied,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Yinling Zhang , Nan Chen , Charlotte Moser

The El Nino southern oscillation (ENSO) behavior can be effectively modeled as a response to a 2nd-order Mathieu/Hill differential equation with periodic coefficients describing sloshing of a volume of water. The forcing of the equation…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Paul R. Pukite

Understanding current global climate requires an understanding of trends both in Earth's atmospheric temperature and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a characteristic large-scale distribution of warm water in the tropical Pacific…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-02-27 L. M. W. Leggett , D. A. Ball

El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation global (ENSO) imprint on sea surface temperature comes in many guises. To identify its tropical fingerprints and impacts on the rest of the climate system, we propose a global approach based on archetypal…

While deep-learning models have demonstrated skillful El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts up to one year in advance, they are predominantly trained on climate model simulations that provide thousands of years of training data at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jakob Schloer , Matthew Newman , Jannik Thuemmel , Antonietta Capotondi , Bedartha Goswami

The recharge oscillator (RO) model has been successfully used to understand different aspects of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Fitting the RO to observations and climate model simulations consistently suggests that ENSO is a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Elle Weeks , Eli Tziperman

Understanding the interactions between the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is essential to studying climate variabilities and predicting extreme weather events. Here, we develop a stochastic…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Charlotte Moser , Nan Chen , Yinling Zhang

In this article, we present a mathematical theory of the Walker circulation of the large-scale atmosphere over the tropics. This study leads to a new metastable state oscillation theory for the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a typical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-05-14 Tian Ma , Shouhong Wang

El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits significant impacts on the frequency of extreme weather events and its socio-economic implications prevail on a global scale. However, a fundamental gap still exists in understanding the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Long Huo , Xin Chen , Kaiwen Li , Fengying Cai , Jürgen Kurths

Different to classical theories which emphasize east--west feedback along the equator, data analyses via the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method support a new viewpoint that the El Ni\~{n}o--Southern Oscillation (ENSO)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-12-05 Jin-Liang Wang

We introduce an interpretable-by-design method, optimized model-analog, that integrates deep learning with model-analog forecasting which generates forecasts from similar initial climate states in a repository of model simulations. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Kinya Toride , Matthew Newman , Andrew Hoell , Antonietta Capotondi , Jakob Schlör , Dillon J. Amaya

The impact of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the extratropics is investigated in an idealized, reduced-order model that has a tropical and an extratropical module. Unidirectional ENSO forcing is used to mimick the atmospheric…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Stéphane Vannitsem , Jonathan Demaeyer , Michael Ghil

The El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant driver of interannual global climate variability and can lead to extreme weather events such as droughts or flooding. Recently, we have developed several statistical approaches for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Josef Ludescher , Jun Meng , Jingfang Fan , Armin Bunde , Hans Joachim Schellnhuber

The El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a semi-periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean that influences interannual variability in regional hydrology across the world…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Yumin Liu , Kate Duffy , Jennifer G. Dy , Auroop R. Ganguly

The variability of Indo-Pacific SST on seasonal to multidecadal timescales is investigated using a recently introduced technique called nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA). Through this technique, drawbacks associated with ad hoc…

Geophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Joanna Slawinska , Dimitrios Giannakis

We consider the numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) based models for a quasi-periodic climate pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean known as El Ni\~no phenomenon. We show that for these models the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Hermann Mena , Lena Pfurtscheller