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Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Prompt engineering has emerged as an indispensable technique for extending the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). This approach leverages task-specific instructions, known as prompts, to enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Pranab Sahoo , Ayush Kumar Singh , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Samrat Mondal , Aman Chadha

Despite the remarkable successes of large language models (LLMs), the underlying Transformer architecture has inherent limitations in handling complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a practical workaround,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Chenyu You , Dujian Ding

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has highlighted the importance of prompt engineering as a crucial technique for optimizing model outputs. While experimentation with various prompting methods, such as Few-shot, Chain-of-Thought, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Michael Hewing , Vincent Leinhos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are set to transform how machines process and generate human-like responses by integrating diverse modalities such as text, images, and code. Yet, effectively harnessing their capabilities hinges on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Anwesha Mohanty , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Arsalan Shahid

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance K-12 STEM education by improving both teaching and learning processes. While previous studies have shown promising results, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Eason Chen , Danyang Wang , Luyi Xu , Chen Cao , Xiao Fang , Jionghao Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been shown to deliver impressive performance in various NLP tasks. To tackle multi-step reasoning tasks, few-shot chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting includes a few manually crafted step-by-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Lei Wang , Wanyu Xu , Yihuai Lan , Zhiqiang Hu , Yunshi Lan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Ee-Peng Lim

Prompting techniques have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various complex tasks, including reasoning, planning, and solving math word problems. However, most research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Neisarg Dave , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles , Ankur Mali

Developing effective prompts demands significant cognitive investment to generate reliable, high-quality responses from Large Language Models (LLMs). By deploying case-specific prompt engineering techniques that streamline frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Valentin Romanov , Steven A Niederer

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving across various domains. However, their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning task-essential…

Recent developments in text classification using Large Language Models (LLMs) in the social sciences suggest that costs can be cut significantly, while performance can sometimes rival existing computational methods. However, with a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Erkan Gunes , Christoffer Florczak , Tevfik Murat Yildirim

Prompt engineering is essential for optimizing large language models (LLMs), yet the link between prompt structures and task performance remains underexplored. This work introduces an evolutionary approach that combines context-free grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Gabriel Machado Santos , Rita Maria da Silva Julia , Marcelo Zanchetta do Nascimento

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on many different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Prompt engineering plays a key role in adding more to the already existing abilities of LLMs to achieve significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Shubham Vatsal , Harsh Dubey

Large language models (LLMs) can be used as accessible and intelligent chatbots by constructing natural language queries and directly inputting the prompt into the large language model. However, different prompt' constructions often lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jinta Weng , Jiarui Zhang , Yue Hu , Daidong Fa , Xiaofeng Xuand , Heyan Huang

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

Prompt engineering plays a critical role in adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex reasoning and labeling tasks without the need for extensive fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt optimization pipeline for frame…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Do Minh Duc , Quan Xuan Truong , Nguyen Tat Dat , Nguyen Van Vinh
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