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We propose efficient classical algorithms which (strongly) simulate the action of bosonic linear optics circuits applied to superpositions of Gaussian states. Our approach relies on an augmented covariance matrix formalism to keep track of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

Cross entropy (XE) measure is a widely used benchmarking to demonstrate quantum computational advantage from sampling problems, such as random circuit sampling using superconducting qubits and boson sampling (BS). We present a heuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Changhun Oh , Liang Jiang , Bill Fefferman

Noise in quantum operations often negates the advantage of quantum computation. However, most classical simulations of quantum computers calculate the ideal probability amplitudes either storing full state vectors or using sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Shigeo Hakkaku , Keisuke Fujii

BosonSampling, which we proposed three years ago, is a scheme for using linear-optical networks to solve sampling problems that appear to be intractable for a classical computer. In arXiv:1306.3995, Gogolin et al. claimed that even an ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-02 Scott Aaronson , Alex Arkhipov

We study supervised learning algorithms in which a quantum device is used to perform a computational subroutine - either for prediction via probability estimation, or to compute a kernel via estimation of quantum states overlap. We design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ulysse Chabaud , Damian Markham , Adel Sohbi

The original boson sampling paradigm-consisting of multiple single-photon input states, a large interferometer, and multi-channel click detection-was originally proposed as a photonic route to quantum computational advantage. Its…

We explore the possibility of efficient classical simulation of linear optics experiments under the effect of particle losses. Specifically, we investigate the canonical boson sampling scenario in which an $n$-particle Fock input state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-01 Michał Oszmaniec , Daniel J. Brod

We address the use of a single qubit as a quantum probe to characterize the properties of classical noise. In particular, we focus on the characterization of classical noise arising from the interaction with a stochastic field described by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Claudia Benedetti , Matteo G. A. Paris

The problem of sampling outputs of quantum circuits has been proposed as a candidate for demonstrating a quantum computational advantage (sometimes referred to as quantum "supremacy"). In this work, we investigate whether quantum advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Leonardo Novo , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Raúl García-Patrón

Achieving a quantum computational advantage regime, and thus providing evidence against the extended Church-Turing thesis, remains one of the key challenges of modern science. Boson sampling seems to be a very promising platform in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 A. A. Mazanik , A. N. Rubtsov

Hamiltonian simulation is a promising application for quantum computers to achieve a quantum advantage. We present classical algorithms based on tensor network methods to optimize quantum circuits for this task. We show that, compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Conor Mc Keever , Michael Lubasch

Since the development of Boson sampling, there has been a quest to construct more efficient and experimentally feasible protocols to test the computational complexity of sampling from photonic states. In this paper we interpret and extend…

Universal quantum computers promise a dramatic speed-up over classical computers but a full-size realization remains challenging. However, intermediate quantum computational models have been proposed that are not universal, but can solve…

Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the quantum computational supremacy over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing…

Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) provides a route toward demonstrating quantum computational advantage. However, optical loss, which reduces the entanglement in the system, can render GBS results classically simulable. We propose a nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Yukuan Zhao , Xiao-Ye Xu , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We use neural networks to represent the characteristic function of many-body Gaussian states in the quantum phase space. By a pullback mechanism, we model transformations due to unitary operators as linear layers that can be cascaded to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Claudio Conti

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is quantum sampling task in which one has to draw samples from the photon-number distribution of a large-dimensional nonclassical squeezed state of light. In an effort to make this task intractable for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 G. S. Thekkadath , S. Sempere-Llagostera , B. A. Bell , R. B. Patel , M. S. Kim , I. A. Walmsley

We propose efficient algorithms for classically simulating Gaussian unitaries and measurements applied to non-Gaussian initial states. The constructions are based on decomposing the non-Gaussian states into linear combinations of Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Oliver Hahn , Ryuji Takagi , Giulia Ferrini , Hayata Yamasaki

We present a classical algorithm for approximating the expectation values of observables in linear-optical circuits with arbitrary product input states, achieving additive-error accuracy. This result indicates that current applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Youngrong Lim , Changhun Oh

Boson-sampling is a simplified model for quantum computing that may hold the key to implementing the first ever post-classical quantum computer. Boson-sampling is a non-universal quantum computer that is significantly more straightforward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-22 Bryan T. Gard , Keith R. Motes , Jonathan P. Olson , Peter P. Rohde , Jonathan P. Dowling