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Natural language processing (NLP) enables the understanding and generation of meaningful human language, typically using a pre-trained complex architecture on a large dataset to learn the language and next fine-tune its weights to implement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Ella Koresh , Shalom Rosner , Or Shpringer , Tal Halevi , Ido Kanter

The sequential nature of modern LLMs makes them expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. Methods like EAGLE perform autoregression at the feature level, reusing top-layer features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yuhui Li , Fangyun Wei , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Recently, Language Models (LMs) instruction-tuned on multiple tasks, also known as multitask-prompted fine-tuning (MT), have shown the capability to generalize to unseen tasks. Previous work has shown that scaling the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Joel Jang , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Continual pre-training has increasingly become the predominant approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new domains. This process involves updating the pre-trained LLM with a corpus from a new domain, resulting in a shift in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yiduo Guo , Jie Fu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Yikang Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on massive datasets and later instruction-tuned via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL). Best practices emphasize large, diverse pretraining data, whereas post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adel Javanmard , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Vahab Mirrokni

Large language models are trained on massive scrapes of the web, as required by current scaling laws. Most progress is made for English, given its abundance of high-quality pretraining data. For most other languages, however, such high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve , Richard He Bai , Natalie Schluter , David Grangier

Scaling large language models (LLMs) significantly improves performance but comes with prohibitive computational costs. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer an efficient alternative, increasing capacity without a proportional rise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aditya Vavre , Ethan He , Dennis Liu , Zijie Yan , June Yang , Nima Tajbakhsh , Ashwath Aithal

This paper introduces AIM, a collection of vision models pre-trained with an autoregressive objective. These models are inspired by their textual counterparts, i.e., Large Language Models (LLMs), and exhibit similar scaling properties.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Michal Klein , Shuangfei Zhai , Miguel Angel Bautista , Alexander Toshev , Vaishaal Shankar , Joshua M Susskind , Armand Joulin

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent the recent success of deep learning in achieving remarkable human-like predictive performance. It has become a mainstream strategy to leverage fine-tuning to adapt LLMs for various real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Hongpeng Jin , Wenqi Wei , Xuyu Wang , Wenbin Zhang , Yanzhao Wu

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in various NLP tasks. However, these advances have not been reflected in the translation task, especially those with moderate model sizes (i.e., 7B or 13B…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Haoran Xu , Young Jin Kim , Amr Sharaf , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Large Language Models (LLMs) have so far impressed the world, with unprecedented capabilities that emerge in models at large scales. On the vision side, transformer models (i.e., ViT) are following the same trend, achieving the best…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Mustafa Shukor , Corentin Dancette , Matthieu Cord

Fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from overconfidence and poor calibration, particularly when fine-tuned on small datasets. To address these challenges, we propose a simple combination of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Emre Onal , Klemens Flöge , Emma Caldwell , Arsen Sheverdin , Vincent Fortuin

While scaling laws for Large Language Models (LLMs) traditionally focus on proxy metrics like pretraining loss, predicting downstream task performance has been considered unreliable. This paper challenges that view by proposing a direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jakub Krajewski , Amitis Shidani , Dan Busbridge , Sam Wiseman , Jason Ramapuram

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has improved text understanding and generation but poses challenges in computational resources. This study proposes a curriculum learning-inspired, data-centric training strategy that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jisu Kim , Juhwan Lee

Large Transformer-based language models are pre-trained on corpora of varying sizes, for a different number of steps and with different batch sizes. At the same time, more fundamental components, such as the pre-training objective or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 M. Aßenmacher , P. Schulze , C. Heumann

Language model (LM) pre-training is useful in many language processing tasks. But can pre-trained LMs be further leveraged for more general machine learning problems? We propose an approach for using LMs to scaffold learning and…

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

Checkpointing is essential for fault tolerance in training large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods, regardless of their I/O strategies, periodically store the entire model and optimizer states, incurring substantial storage…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Minqiu Sun , Xin Huang , Luanzheng Guo , Nathan R. Tallent , Kento Sato , Dong Dai

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created a significant disparity: industrial research labs with their computational resources, expert teams, and advanced infrastructures, can effectively fine-tune LLMs, while individual…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, even stronger LLMs are susceptible to acquiring erroneous or obsolete information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Shiwen Ni , Dingwei Chen , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Min Yang
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