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In reinforcement learning (RL), exploiting environmental symmetries can significantly enhance efficiency, robustness, and performance. However, ensuring that the deep RL policy and value networks are respectively equivariant and invariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Mirco Theile , Hongpeng Cao , Marco Caccamo , Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Canonicalization provides an architecture-agnostic method for enforcing equivariance, with generalizations such as frame-averaging recently gaining prominence as a lightweight and flexible alternative to equivariant architectures. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nadav Dym , Hannah Lawrence , Jonathan W. Siegel

The dictionary learning problem concerns the task of representing data as sparse linear sums drawn from a smaller collection of basic building blocks. In application domains where such techniques are deployed, we frequently encounter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Yong Sheng Soh

Equivariance is a powerful inductive bias in neural networks, improving generalisation and physical consistency. Recently, however, non-equivariant models have regained attention, due to their better runtime performance and imperfect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Torben Berndt , Jan Stühmer

Invariances to translations have imbued convolutional neural networks with powerful generalization properties. However, we often do not know a priori what invariances are present in the data, or to what extent a model should be invariant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Gregory Benton , Marc Finzi , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We consider achieving equivariance in machine learning systems via frame averaging. Current frame averaging methods involve a costly sum over large frames or rely on sampling-based approaches that only yield approximate equivariance. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yuchao Lin , Jacob Helwig , Shurui Gui , Shuiwang Ji

We introduce a general method for learning representations that are equivariant to symmetries of data. Our central idea is to decompose the latent space into an invariant factor and the symmetry group itself. The components semantically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Giovanni Luca Marchetti , Gustaf Tegnér , Anastasiia Varava , Danica Kragic

The translation equivariance of convolutions can make convolutional neural networks translation equivariant or invariant. Equivariance to other transformations (e.g. rotations, affine transformations, scalings) may also be desirable as soon…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-05 Mateus Sangalli , Samy Blusseau , Santiago Velasco-Forero , Jesus Angulo

Equivariant models leverage prior knowledge on symmetries to improve predictive performance, but misspecified architectural constraints can harm it instead. While work has explored learning or relaxing constraints, selecting among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Putri A. van der Linden , Alexander Timans , Dharmesh Tailor , Erik J. Bekkers

Learning to infer Bayesian posterior from a few-shot dataset is an important step towards robust meta-learning due to the model uncertainty inherent in the problem. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian model-agnostic meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Taesup Kim , Jaesik Yoon , Ousmane Dia , Sungwoong Kim , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn

This paper introduces MDP homomorphic networks for deep reinforcement learning. MDP homomorphic networks are neural networks that are equivariant under symmetries in the joint state-action space of an MDP. Current approaches to deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Elise van der Pol , Daniel E. Worrall , Herke van Hoof , Frans A. Oliehoek , Max Welling

In robotic tasks, changes in reference frames typically do not influence the underlying physical properties of the system, which has been known as invariance of physical laws.These changes, which preserve distance, encompass isometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Linfeng Zhao , Owen Howell , Jung Yeon Park , Xupeng Zhu , Robin Walters , Lawson L. S. Wong

Using symmetry as an inductive bias in deep learning has been proven to be a principled approach for sample-efficient model design. However, the relationship between symmetry and the imperative for equivariance in neural networks is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

In numerous practical applications, especially in medical image reconstruction, it is often infeasible to obtain a large ensemble of ground-truth/measurement pairs for supervised learning. Therefore, it is imperative to develop unsupervised…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-31 Subhadip Mukherjee , Ozan Öktem , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

A striking geometric disparity has long persisted in the practice of deep learning. While modern neural network architectures naturally exhibit rich symmetry and equivariance properties, popular optimizers such as Adam and its variants…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Weijie Su

Equivariance guarantees that a model's predictions capture key symmetries in data. When an image is translated or rotated, an equivariant model's representation of that image will translate or rotate accordingly. The success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nate Gruver , Marc Finzi , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson

A machine learning model is traditionally considered robust if its prediction remains (almost) constant under input perturbations with small norm. However, real-world tasks like molecular property prediction or point cloud segmentation have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jan Schuchardt , Yan Scholten , Stephan Günnemann

Incorporating symmetries can lead to highly data-efficient and generalizable models by defining equivalence classes of data samples related by transformations. However, characterizing how transformations act on input data is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jung Yeon Park , Ondrej Biza , Linfeng Zhao , Jan Willem van de Meent , Robin Walters

To overcome the restriction of identical distribution assumption, invariant representation learning for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) has made significant advances in computer vision and pattern recognition communities. In UDA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 You-Wei Luo , Chuan-Xian Ren , Xiao-Lin Xu , Qingshan Liu

Symmetries and equivariance are fundamental to the generalization of neural networks on domains such as images, graphs, and point clouds. Existing work has primarily focused on a small number of groups, such as the translation, rotation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Marc Finzi , Max Welling , Andrew Gordon Wilson