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This paper attempts to provide a decision-theoretic foundation for the measurement of economic tail risk, which is not only closely related to utility theory but also relevant to statistical model uncertainty. The main result is that the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-08-18 Steven Kou , Xianhua Peng

This paper proposes a scoring-rule-based method for ranking predictive distributions in the Fr\'echet domain that is able to distinguish between different tail indices. The approach is built on normalized order statistics and exploits…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Martin Bladt , Christoffer Øhlenschlæger

There is given a method for estimation of a probability distribution tail in terms of characteristic function. Key words: characteristic function; tail of a distribution.

Probability · Mathematics 2016-07-12 Lev B. Klebanov , Andrea Karlova

Recently, the concept of tail dependence has been discussed in financial applications related to market or credit risk. The multivariate extreme value theory is a proper tool to measure and model dependence, for example, of large loss…

Applications · Statistics 2011-09-27 Marta Ferreira

This article introduces a non-parametric information-theoretic approach to inference about the tail of a continuous or a discrete distribution. Leveraging a new concept named tail profile -- a set of information-theoretic quantities…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-19 Jialin Zhang , Zhiyi Zhang

How to estimate the uncertainty of a given model is a crucial problem. Current calibration techniques treat different classes equally and thus implicitly assume that the distribution of training data is balanced, but ignore the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

This paper introduces a flexible framework for the estimation of the conditional tail index of heavy tailed distributions. In this framework, the tail index is computed from an auxiliary linear regression model that facilitates estimation…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-23 João Nicolau , Paulo M. M. Rodrigues

Large-scale object detection and instance segmentation face a severe data imbalance. The finer-grained object classes become, the less frequent they appear in our datasets. However, at test-time, we expect a detector that performs well for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Jang Hyun Cho , Philipp Krähenbühl

Different questions related with analysis of extreme values and outliers arise frequently in practice. To exclude extremal observations and outliers is not a good decision because they contain important information about the observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-17 Pavlina K. Jordanova , Monika P. Petkova

The most popular approach in extreme value statistics is the modelling of threshold exceedances using the asymptotically motivated generalised Pareto distribution. This approach involves the selection of a high threshold above which the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-05-27 Ioannis Papastathopoulos , Jonathan A. Tawn

For measuring tail risk with scarce extreme events, extreme value analysis is often invoked as the statistical tool to extrapolate to the tail of a distribution. The presence of large datasets benefits tail risk analysis by providing more…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-18 Liujun Chen , Deyuan Li , Chen Zhou

Recent theoretical studies have shown that heavy-tails can emerge in stochastic optimization due to `multiplicative noise', even under surprisingly simple settings, such as linear regression with Gaussian data. While these studies have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Yuanhan Hu , Umut Simsekli , Kun Yuan , Lingjiong Zhu

Convolutional neural networks have achieved great improvement on face recognition in recent years because of its extraordinary ability in learning discriminative features of people with different identities. To train such a well-designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Xiao Zhang , Zhiyuan Fang , Yandong Wen , Zhifeng Li , Yu Qiao

To ensure that real-world infrastructure is safe and durable, systems are designed to not fail for any but the most rarely occurring parameter values. By only happening deep in the tails of the parameter distribution, failure probabilities…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Promit Chakroborty , Michael D. Shields

The quantitative analysis of financial time series often reveals two distinct features that standard Gaussian frameworks fail to capture: heavy-tailed marginal distributions and the phenomenon of extreme co-movements.While extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Debanjana Datta , Diganta Mukherjee

Language models are increasingly capable and are being rapidly deployed on a population-level scale. As a result, the safety of these models is increasingly high-stakes. Fortunately, advances in alignment have significantly reduced the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Rico Angell , Raghav Singhal , Zachary Horvitz , Zhou Yu , Rajesh Ranganath , Kathleen McKeown , He He

Probabilistic forecasts are typically obtained using state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning models, with model parameters estimated by optimizing a proper scoring rule over a set of training data. If the model class is not…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-05 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Maybritt Schillinger , Frank Kwasniok , Sam Allen

This thesis evaluates most of the extreme mixture models and methods that have appended in the literature and implements them in the context of finance and insurance. The paper also reviews and studies extreme value theory, time series,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-07-09 Yujuan Qiu

We study the empirical version of halfspace depths with the objective of establishing a connection between the rates of convergence and the tail behaviour of the corresponding underlying distributions. The intricate interplay between the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Sibsankar Singha , Marie Kratz , Sreekar Vadlamani

The use of expectiles in risk management has recently gathered remarkable momentum due to their excellent axiomatic and probabilistic properties. In particular, the class of elicitable law-invariant coherent risk measures only consists of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Abdelaati Daouia , Simone A. Padoan , Gilles Stupfler