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Most Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods are traditionally studied in an active learning setting, where agents directly interact with their environments, observe action outcomes, and learn through trial and error. However, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Maryam Zare , Parham M. Kebria , Abbas Khosravi

Spoken Language Models (SLMs), which extend Large Language Models (LLMs) to perceive speech inputs, have gained increasing attention for their potential to advance speech understanding tasks. However, despite recent progress, studies show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wenze Xu , Chun Wang , Jiazhen Yu , Sheng Chen , Liang Gao , Weihong Deng

Merging models fine-tuned for different tasks into a single unified model has become an increasingly important direction for building versatile, efficient multi-task systems. Existing approaches predominantly rely on parameter interpolation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zecheng Pan , Zhikang Chen , Ding Li , Min Zhang , Sen Cui , Hongshuo Jin , Luqi Tao , Yi Yang , Deheng Ye , Yu Zhang , Tingting Zhu , Tianling Ren

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is used in deep learning to train on large datasets without the need for expensive labelling of the data. Recently, large Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models such as XLS-R have utilised SSL to train on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-03 Edward Storey , Naomi Harte , Peter Bell

Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models to new domains leads to Catastrophic Forgetting (CF) of previously learned information. This paper addresses CF in the challenging context of Online Continual Learning (OCL), with tasks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Steven Vander Eeckt , Hugo Van hamme

The ubiquity of microphone-enabled devices has lead to large amounts of unlabelled audio data being produced at the edge. The integration of self-supervised learning (SSL) and federated learning (FL) into one coherent system can potentially…

Federated Learning allows the training of machine learning models by using the computation and private data resources of many distributed clients. Most existing results on Federated Learning (FL) assume the clients have ground-truth labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Enmao Diao , Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models have demonstrated exceptional performance in various speech tasks, particularly in low-resource and multilingual domains. Recent works show that fusing diverse SSL models could achieve superior…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Tejes Srivastava , Jiatong Shi , William Chen , Shinji Watanabe

Today, many state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems apply all-neural models that map audio to word sequences trained end-to-end along one global optimisation criterion in a fully data driven fashion. These models allow…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Xianrui Zheng , Yulan Liu , Deniz Gunceler , Daniel Willett

Due to the mismatch of statistical distributions of acoustic speech between training and testing sets, the performance of spoken language identification (SLID) could be drastically degraded. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Xugang Lu , Peng Shen , Yu Tsao , Hisashi Kawai

Recent advancements have highlighted the efficacy of self-supervised learning (SSL) features in various speech-related tasks, providing lightweight and versatile multi-view speech representations. However, our study reveals that while SSL…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Weiqiao Shan , Yuhao Zhang , Yuchen Han , Bei Li , Xiaofeng Zhao , Yuang Li , Min Zhang , Hao Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Text to speech (TTS) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) are two dual tasks in speech processing and both achieve impressive performance thanks to the recent advance in deep learning and large amount of aligned speech and text data.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Yi Ren , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has transformed speech processing, yet its reliance on massive pre-training datasets remains a bottleneck. While robustness is often attributed to scale and diversity, the role of the data distribution is less…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ryan Whetten , Titouan Parcollet , Marco Dinarelli , Yannick Estève

The integration of Federated Learning (FL) and Self-supervised Learning (SSL) offers a unique and synergetic combination to exploit the audio data for general-purpose audio understanding, without compromising user data privacy. However,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yasar Abbas Ur Rehman , Kin Wai Lau , Yuyang Xie , Lan Ma , Jiajun Shen

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has advanced classification tasks by inputting both labeled and unlabeled data to train a model jointly. However, existing SSL methods only consider the unlabeled data whose predictions are beyond a fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zechen Liang , Yuan-Gen Wang , Wei Lu , Xiaochun Cao

In recent years, self-supervised learning (SSL) models have made significant progress in audio deepfake detection (ADD) tasks. However, existing SSL models mainly rely on large-scale real speech for pre-training and lack the learning of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yunqi Hao , Yihao Chen , Minqiang Xu , Jianbo Zhan , Liang He , Lei Fang , Sian Fang , Lin Liu

Recently, pioneer work finds that speech pre-trained models can solve full-stack speech processing tasks, because the model utilizes bottom layers to learn speaker-related information and top layers to encode content-related information.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-17 Chengyi Wang , Yu Wu , Sanyuan Chen , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Yao Qian , Zhenglu Yang

Self-training (ST) and self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have demonstrated strong improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In spite of these advances, to the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of how the composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dan Berrebbi , Ronan Collobert , Navdeep Jaitly , Tatiana Likhomanenko

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown rapid advances in recent years but still degrades significantly in far-field and noisy environments. The recent development of self-supervised learning (SSL) technology can improve the ASR…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Changfeng Gao , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang

Many existing federated learning (FL) algorithms are designed for supervised learning tasks, assuming that the local data owned by the clients are well labeled. However, in many practical situations, it could be difficult and expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Zhiguo Wang , Xintong Wang , Ruoyu Sun , Tsung-Hui Chang