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A quantum network provides an infrastructure connecting quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing, and communication capabilities. As the best-known application of a quantum network, quantum key distribution (QKD) shares secure…

Interest in building dedicated Quantum Information Science and Engineering (QISE) education programs has greatly expanded in recent years. These programs are inherently convergent, complex, often resource intensive and likely require…

The second quantum revolution brings with it the promise of a quantum internet. As the first quantum network hardware prototypes near completion new challenges emerge. A functional network is more than just the physical hardware, yet work…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Wojciech Kozlowski , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

The measurement of quantum signals that traveled through long distances is of fundamental and technological interest. We present quantum-limited coherent measurements of optical signals, sent from a satellite in geostationary Earth orbit to…

The aim of a quantum network is to enable the generation of end-to-end entangled links between end nodes of the network, so that they can execute quantum network applications. To facilitate this, it is desirable to have robust control of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Thomas R. Beauchamp , Scarlett Gauthier , Stephanie Wehner

Communication security has to evolve to a higher plane in the face of the threat from the massive computing power of the emerging quantum computers. Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) constitutes a promising branch of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Dong Pan , Gui-Lu Long , Liuguo Yin , Yu-Bo Sheng , Dong Ruan , Soon Xin Ng , Jianhua Lu , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum cryptographic technology (QCT) is expected to be a fundamental technology for realizing long-term information security even against as-yet-unknown future technologies. More advanced security could be achieved using QCT together with…

The development of quantum technologies has been accelerating in the last decade, turning them into emerging technologies that need explicit attention by decision-makers at national funding agencies, companies and governments. In this paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Pieter E. Vermaas , Luca Possati , Zeki C. Seskir

Recent experimental breakthroughs in satellite quantum communications have opened up the possibility of creating a global quantum internet using satellite links. This approach appears to be particularly viable in the near term, due to the…

Global scale quantum communication links will form the backbone of the quantum internet. However, exponential loss in optical fibres precludes any realistic application beyond few hundred kilometres. Quantum repeaters and space-based…

Quantum Computing (QC) is an emerging and fast-growing research field that combines computer science with quantum mechanics such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement. In order to contribute to a clarification of this field, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-30 Imed Boughzala , Nesrine Ben Yahia , Narjès Bellamine Ben Saoud , Wissem Eljaoued

Satellite based quantum communication has been proven as a feasible way to achieve global scale quantum communication network. Very recently, a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite has been launched for this purpose. However, with a single…

Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum Internet is to enable applications that are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Antonio Abelem , Don Towsley , Gayane Vardoyan

Academia, governments, and industry around the world are on a quest to build long-distance quantum communication networks for a future quantum internet. Using air and fiber channels, quantum communication quickly faced the daunting…

We present and analyse an architecture for a European-scale quantum network using satellite links to connect Quantum Cities, which are metropolitan quantum networks with minimal hardware requirements for the end users. Using NetSquid, a…

Amid the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology 2025 (IYQ 2025), a significant portion of global funding has been dedicated to various quantum initiatives, with over 30 countries announcing their respective quantum strategies.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-04 Pak Shen Choong , Nurisya Mohd Shah , Yung Szen Yap

We describe Qiskit, a software development kit for quantum information science. We discuss the key design decisions that have shaped its development, and examine the software architecture and its core components. We demonstrate an…

In this paper we provide an intuitive-level discussion of the challenges and opportunities offered by quantum-based methods for supporting secure communications, e.g., over a network. The goal is to distill down to the most fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Jeffrey Uhlmann

The second Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS-2) CubeSat, which begins its flight in late 2018, builds on the success of MinXSS-1, which flew from 2016-05-16 to 2017-05-06. The science instrument is more advanced -- now capable of…