Related papers: Knots and links in 2-complexes
This is an introductory article on high dimensional knots for the beginners. High dimensional knot theory is an exciting field. It is a field of knot theory, which is one of topology and is connected with many ones. In this article we use…
We define two new families of invariants for (3-manifold, graph) pairs which detect the unknot and are additive under connected sum of pairs and (-1/2)-additive under trivalent vertex sum of pairs. The first of these families is closely…
We propose a new method of computing cohomology groups of spaces of knots in $\R^n$, $n \ge 3$, based on the topology of configuration spaces and two-connected graphs, and calculate all such classes of order $\le 3.$ As a byproduct we…
A formula for the Alexander polynomial of a 2-bridge knot or link given by Hartley and also by Minkus has a beautiful interpretation as a walk on the integers. We extend this to the 2-variable Alexander polynomial of a 2-bridge link,…
We discuss physical systems with topologies more complicated than simple gaussian linking. Our examples of these higher topologies are in non-relativistic quantum mechanics and in QCD.
This paper has two-fold goal: it provides gentle introduction to Knot Theory starting from 3-coloring, the concept introduced by R. Fox to allow undergraduate students to see that the trefoil knot is non-trivial, and ending with statistical…
We produce an infinite family of $2$-complexes that are intrinsically linked when embedded into four dimensions. In particular, we show that any embedding into $\mathbb{R}^4$ of the suspension of a graph containing $K_6$ as a minor contains…
We introduce new skein invariants of links based on a procedure where we first apply the skein relation only to crossings of distinct components, so as to produce collections of unlinked knots. We then evaluate the resulting knots using a…
In this paper we study the theory of knotoids and braidoids and the theory of pseudo knotoids and pseudo braidoids on the torus T. In particular, we introduce the notion of {\it mixed knotoids} in $S^2$, that generalize the notion of mixed…
We introduce and explore the relation between quivers and 3-manifolds with the topology of the knot complement. This idea can be viewed as an adaptation of the knots-quivers correspondence to Gukov-Manolescu invariants of knot complements…
We compute the A-polynomial 2-tuple of twisted Whitehead links. As applications, we determine canonical components of twisted Whitehead links and give a formula for the volume of twisted Whitehead link cone-manifolds.
We review the polynomial parameterization of classical knots and prove the analogous results for long $2$ knots. We also construct polynomial parameterizations for certain classes of knotted spheres (such as spun and twist spun of the…
Generalizing unknotting number, $n$-adjacent knots have $n$ crossings such that changing any non-empty subset of them results in the unknot. In this paper, we determine the 2-adjacent knots through 12 crossings. Using Heegaard Floer…
The Alexander polynomials \Delta_{n,3}(t) and \Delta_{n,4}(t) are presented as a sum of the Alexander polynomials \Delta_{k,2}(t). These polynomials are also expressed in the form of a sum of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. These…
Just as knots and links can be algebraically described as certain morphisms in the category of tangles in 3 dimensions, compact surfaces smoothly embedded in R^4 can be described as certain 2-morphisms in the 2-category of `2-tangles in 4…
In this paper we investigate the Alexander polynomial of (1,1)-knots, which are knots lying in a 3-manifold with genus one at most, admitting a particular decomposition. More precisely, we study the connections between the Alexander…
In this article, we propose a new approach for describing and understanding knots and links in a 3-manifold through the use of an embedded non-orientable surface. Specifically, we define a plat-like representation based on this…
A construction of polytopes is given based on integers. These geometries are constructed through a mapping to pure numbers and have multiple applications, including statistical mechanics and computer science. The number form is useful in…
We define a knot/link invariant using set theoretical solutions $(X,\sigma)$ of the Yang-Baxter equation and non commutative 2-cocycles. We also define, for a given $(X,\sigma)$, a universal group Unc(X) governing all 2-cocycles in $X$, and…
In this paper we present recent results on the computation of skein modules of 3-manifolds using braids and appropriate knot algebras. Skein modules generalize knot polynomials in $S^3$ to knot polynomials in arbitrary 3-manifolds and they…