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Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

Distributed word representations (word embeddings) have recently contributed to competitive performance in language modeling and several NLP tasks. In this work, we train word embeddings for more than 100 languages using their corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-30 Rami Al-Rfou , Bryan Perozzi , Steven Skiena

Recent studies suggest that transformer-based vision-language models (VLMs) capture the multimodality of concept processing in the human brain. However, a systematic evaluation exploring different types of VLM architectures and the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Anna Bavaresco , Marianne de Heer Kloots , Sandro Pezzelle , Raquel Fernández

Large multimodal models such as Stable Diffusion can generate, detect, and classify new visual concepts after fine-tuning just a single word embedding. Do models learn similar words for the same concepts (i.e. <orange-cat> = orange + cat)?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Brandon Trabucco , Max Gurinas , Kyle Doherty , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

We present a new method for estimating vector space representations of words: embedding learning by concept induction. We test this method on a highly parallel corpus and learn semantic representations of words in 1259 different languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Philipp Dufter , Mengjie Zhao , Martin Schmitt , Alexander Fraser , Hinrich Schütze

Multimodal machine translation involves drawing information from more than one modality, based on the assumption that the additional modalities will contain useful alternative views of the input data. The most prominent tasks in this area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Umut Sulubacak , Ozan Caglayan , Stig-Arne Grönroos , Aku Rouhe , Desmond Elliott , Lucia Specia , Jörg Tiedemann

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they have largely overlooked the importance of visual processing. In a simple yet revealing experiment, we interestingly find that language-only models, when provided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuting Li , Lai Wei , Kaipeng Zheng , Jingyuan Huang , Guilin Li , Bo Wang , Linghe Kong , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang

This research conducts a comparative study on multilingual text classification methods, utilizing deep learning and embedding visualization. The study employs LangDetect, LangId, FastText, and Sentence Transformer on a dataset encompassing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Arinjay Wyawhare

Numerous embedding models have been recently explored to incorporate semantic knowledge into visual recognition. Existing methods typically focus on minimizing the distance between the corresponding images and texts in the embedding space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Dong Li , Hsin-Ying Lee , Jia-Bin Huang , Shengjin Wang , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Christine Basta , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Noe Casas

Vision (image and video) - Language (VL) pre-training is the recent popular paradigm that achieved state-of-the-art results on multi-modal tasks like image-retrieval, video-retrieval, visual question answering etc. These models are trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal

Recent research in the field of multimodal machine translation (MMT) has indicated that the visual modality is either dispensable or offers only marginal advantages. However, most of these conclusions are drawn from the analysis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zi Long , Zhenhao Tang , Xianghua Fu , Jian Chen , Shilong Hou , Jinze Lyu

This study investigated whether multimodal large language models can achieve human-like sensory grounding by examining their ability to capture perceptual strength ratings across sensory modalities. We explored how model characteristics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jonghyun Lee , Dojun Park , Jiwoo Lee , Hoekeon Choi , Sung-Eun Lee

Word embeddings are computed by a class of techniques within natural language processing (NLP), that create continuous vector representations of words in a language from a large text corpus. The stochastic nature of the training process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Lucas Rettenmeier

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled impressive multi-modal reasoning and understanding. Yet, whether these models truly grasp visual persuasion-how visual cues shape human attitudes and decisions-remains unclear.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Gyuwon Park

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Maximilian Alber

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating content across various modalities, such as images and text. However, their interpretability remains a challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Loris Giulivi , Giacomo Boracchi

Current work on multimodal machine translation (MMT) has suggested that the visual modality is either unnecessary or only marginally beneficial. We posit that this is a consequence of the very simple, short and repetitive sentences used in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia , Loïc Barrault

Recent advances in representation learning have demonstrated an ability to represent information from different modalities such as video, text, and audio in a single high-level embedding vector. In this work we present a self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Alexander H. Liu , SouYoung Jin , Cheng-I Jeff Lai , Andrew Rouditchenko , Aude Oliva , James Glass

We seek to better understand the difference in quality of the several publicly released embeddings. We propose several tasks that help to distinguish the characteristics of different embeddings. Our evaluation of sentiment polarity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-31 Yanqing Chen , Bryan Perozzi , Rami Al-Rfou , Steven Skiena