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Recent discussion about the increase in international research collaboration suggests a comprehensive global network centred around a group of core countries and driven by generic socio-economic factors where the global system influences…
Real-world systems in epidemiology, social sciences, power transportation, economics and engineering are often described as multilayer networks. Here we first define and compute the symmetries of multilayer networks, and then study the…
Modularity is designed to measure the strength of division of a network into clusters (known also as communities). Networks with high modularity have dense connections between the vertices within clusters but sparse connections between…
We provide a framework for modeling social network formation through conditional multinomial logit models from discrete choice and random utility theory, in which each new edge is viewed as a "choice" made by a node to connect to another…
A fundamental premise of statistical physics is that the particles in a physical system are interchangeable, and hence the state of each specific component is representative of the system as a whole. This assumption breaks down for complex…
We present a study of the network of relationships among elected members of the Finnish parliament, based on a quantitative analysis of initiative co-signatures, and its evolution over 16 years. To understand the structure of the…
Network data are observed in various applications where the individual entities of the system interact with or are connected to each other, and often these interactions are defined by their associated strength or importance. Clustering is a…
A key element to understand complex systems is the relationship between the spatial scale of investigation and the structure of the interrelation among its elements. When it comes to economic systems, it is now well-known that the…
International collaboration as measured by co-authorship relations on refereed papers grew linearly from 1990 to 2005 in terms of the number of papers, but exponentially in terms of the number of international addresses. This confirms…
Systems of dynamical interactions between competing species can be used to model many complex systems, and can be mathematically described by {\em random} networks. Understanding how patterns of activity arise in such systems is important…
Multiple organisational affiliations are an increasingly common feature of research systems, yet their implications for organisational performance had received limited systematic attention. We developed a scalable, network-based analytical…
International collaboration in science continues to grow at a remarkable rate, but little agreement exists about dynamics of growth and organization at the discipline level. Some suggest that disciplines differ in their collaborative…
We develop an algorithm to detect community structure in complex networks. The algorithm is based on spectral methods and takes into account weights and links orientations. Since the method detects efficiently clustered nodes in large…
This study investigates the interconnectivity of firms and Environmental Justice Organizations (EJOs) involved in socio-environmental conflicts worldwide, using data from the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). By constructing a…
Political polarization is traditionally analyzed through the ideological stances of groups and parties, but it also has a behavioral component that manifests in the interactions between individuals. We present an empirical analysis of the…
We explore one aspect of the structure of a codified legal system at the national level using a new type of representation to understand the strong or weak dependencies between the various fields of law. In Part I of this study, we analyze…
This paper considers networks where relationships between nodes are represented by directed dissimilarities. The goal is to study methods that, based on the dissimilarity structure, output hierarchical clusters, i.e., a family of nested…
Agents with different ideologies often form alliances to achieve their goals. Paradoxically, ideologically similar agents are often opponents. In this paper, ideologically heterogeneous agents choose the ideological composition of their…
The goal of the paper is to quantify the simultaneous competition and cooperation that takes place in organizations. As the concepts seem to be dichotomous opposites at first, the term internal coopetition duality is put forth. Parallels…
Community detection on social media has attracted considerable attention for many years. However, existing methods do not reveal the relations between communities. Communities can form alliances or engage in antagonisms due to various…