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Long-tailed learning has garnered increasing attention due to its practical significance. Among the various approaches, the fine-tuning paradigm has gained considerable interest with the advent of foundation models. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jiahao Chen , Bin Qin , Jiangmeng Li , Hao Chen , Bing Su

Many data distributions in the real world are hardly uniform. Instead, skewed and long-tailed distributions of various kinds are commonly observed. This poses an interesting problem for machine learning, where most algorithms assume or work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charika de Alvis , Suranga Seneviratne

The generalization gap on the long-tailed data sets is largely owing to most categories only occupying a few training samples. Decoupled training achieves better performance by training backbone and classifier separately. What causes the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Zhiwei Zhang

Balancing training on long-tail data distributions remains a long-standing challenge in deep learning. While methods such as re-weighting and re-sampling help alleviate the imbalance issue, limited sample diversity continues to hinder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shizhen Zhao , Xin Wen , Jiahui Liu , Chuofan Ma , Chunfeng Yuan , Xiaojuan Qi

In real-world data, long-tailed data distribution is common, making it challenging for models trained on empirical risk minimisation to learn and classify tail classes effectively. While many studies have sought to improve long tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Ziheng Wang , Toni Lassila , Sharib Ali

Remarkable progress has been made in object instance detection and segmentation in recent years. However, existing state-of-the-art methods are mostly evaluated with fairly balanced and class-limited benchmarks, such as Microsoft COCO…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Tao Wang , Yu Li , Bingyi Kang , Junnan Li , Jun Hao Liew , Sheng Tang , Steven Hoi , Jiashi Feng

Deep learning enables impressive performance in image recognition using large-scale artificially-balanced datasets. However, real-world datasets exhibit highly class-imbalanced distributions, yielding two main challenges: relative imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Sharma , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Long-tailed distributions in class-imbalanced data present a fundamental challenge for deep learning models, which tend to be biased toward majority classes. While recent methods for long-tailed recognition have mitigated this issue, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Heegeon Yoon , Heeyoung Kim

The training datasets used in long-tailed recognition are extremely unbalanced, resulting in significant variation in per-class accuracy across categories. Prior works mostly used average accuracy to evaluate their algorithms, which easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Hao Yu , Yingxiao Du , Jianxin Wu

Deep long-tailed learning, one of the most challenging problems in visual recognition, aims to train well-performing deep models from a large number of images that follow a long-tailed class distribution. In the last decade, deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yifan Zhang , Bingyi Kang , Bryan Hooi , Shuicheng Yan , Jiashi Feng

The long-tailed image classification task remains important in the development of deep neural networks as it explicitly deals with large imbalances in the class frequencies of the training data. While uncommon in engineered datasets, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Marc-Antoine Lavoie , Steven Waslander

Real-world data typically follow a long-tailed distribution, where a few majority categories occupy most of the data while most minority categories contain a limited number of samples. Classification models minimizing cross-entropy struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jianggang Zhu , Zheng Wang , Jingjing Chen , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

Long-tailed recognition has benefited from foundation models and fine-tuning paradigms, yet existing studies and benchmarks are mainly confined to natural image domains, where pre-training and fine-tuning data share similar distributions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

Most of the medical tasks naturally exhibit a long-tailed distribution due to the complex patient-level conditions and the existence of rare diseases. Existing long-tailed learning methods usually treat each class equally to re-balance the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Lie Ju , Yicheng Wu , Lin Wang , Zhen Yu , Xin Zhao , Xin Wang , Paul Bonnington , Zongyuan Ge

We propose a simple data model inspired from natural data such as text or images, and use it to study the importance of learning features in order to achieve good generalization. Our data model follows a long-tailed distribution in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Thomas Laurent , James H. von Brecht , Xavier Bresson

This paper introduces a two-stage framework designed to enhance long-tail class incremental learning, enabling the model to progressively learn new classes, while mitigating catastrophic forgetting in the context of long-tailed data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jayateja Kalla , Soma Biswas

We introduce a novel loss max-pooling concept for handling imbalanced training data distributions, applicable as alternative loss layer in the context of deep neural networks for semantic image segmentation. Most real-world semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Samuel Rota Bulò , Gerhard Neuhold , Peter Kontschieder

Classification on long-tailed distributed data is a challenging problem, which suffers from serious class-imbalance and hence poor performance on tail classes with only a few samples. Owing to this paucity of samples, learning on the tail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Taha ValizadehAslani , Yiwen Shi , Jing Wang , Ping Ren , Yi Zhang , Meng Hu , Liang Zhao , Hualou Liang

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) utilizes labeled samples of known classes to discover novel classes in unlabeled samples. Existing methods show effective performance on artificial datasets with balanced distributions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Cuong Manh Hoang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL), thanks to the significant reduction of data annotation costs, has been an active research topic for large-scale 3D scene understanding. However, the existing SSL-based methods suffer from severe training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mengtian Li , Shaohui Lin , Zihan Wang , Yunhang Shen , Baochang Zhang , Lizhuang Ma