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Clustering and outlier detection are two important tasks in data mining. Outliers frequently interfere with clustering algorithms to determine the similarity between objects, resulting in unreliable clustering results. Currently, only a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Qi Li , Shuliang Wang

Model library is an effective tool for improving the performance of single-model Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detector, mainly through model selection and detector fusion. However, existing methods in the literature do not provide uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Jingyao Geng , Yuan Zhang , Jiaqi Huang , Feng Xue , Falong Tan , Chuanlong Xie , Shumei Zhang

Transformers excel in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) datasets, i.e. data whose distribution differs from that seen during training. OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yijin Zhou , Yutang Ge , Wenyuan Xie , Linqian Zeng , Xiaowen Dong , Yuguang Wang

In the problem of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, the usage of auxiliary data as outlier data for fine-tuning has demonstrated encouraging performance. However, previous methods have suffered from a trade-off between classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Hyunjun Choi , JaeHo Chung , Hawook Jeong , Jin Young Choi

Near out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a major challenge for deep neural networks. We demonstrate that large-scale pre-trained transformers can significantly improve the state-of-the-art (SOTA) on a range of near OOD tasks across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Stanislav Fort , Jie Ren , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

By design, discriminatively trained neural network classifiers produce reliable predictions only for in-distribution samples. For their real-world deployments, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential. Assuming OOD to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Sachin Vernekar , Ashish Gaurav , Vahdat Abdelzad , Taylor Denouden , Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Successful detection of Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data is becoming increasingly important to ensure safe deployment of neural networks. One of the main challenges in OoD detection is that neural networks output overconfident predictions on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Sangha Park , Jisoo Mok , Dahuin Jung , Saehyung Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Machine learning models often encounter samples that are diverged from the training distribution. Failure to recognize an out-of-distribution (OOD) sample, and consequently assign that sample to an in-class label significantly compromises…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Mohammadreza Salehi , Hossein Mirzaei , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Mohammad Sabokrou

Deep neural networks for image classification only learn to map in-distribution inputs to their corresponding ground truth labels in training without differentiating out-of-distribution samples from in-distribution ones. This results from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao , Kun-Yu Lin

Several areas have been improved with Deep Learning during the past years. Implementing Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for non-safety related applications have shown remarkable achievements over the past years; however, for using DNNs in safety…

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the task of identifying data sampled from distributions that were not used during training. This task is essential for reliable machine learning and a better understanding of their generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Kohei Fukuda , Hiroaki Aizawa

Using unlabeled data to regularize the machine learning models has demonstrated promise for improving safety and reliability in detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Harnessing the power of unlabeled in-the-wild data is non-trivial due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Xuefeng Du , Zhen Fang , Ilias Diakonikolas , Yixuan Li

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) graphs is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of Graph Neural Networks. In unsupervised graph-level OOD detection, models are typically trained using only in-distribution (ID) data, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Li Sun , Lanxu Yang , Jiayu Tian , Bowen Fang , Xiaoyan Yu , Junda Ye , Peng Tang , Hao Peng , Philip S. Yu

Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-15 Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines deep metric learning and synthetic data generation using diffusion models for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. One popular approach for OOD detection is outlier exposure, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Assefa Seyoum Wahd

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical when deploying machine learning models in the real world. Outlier exposure methods, which incorporate auxiliary outlier data in the training process, can drastically improve OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Claus Hofmann , Simon Schmid , Bernhard Lehner , Daniel Klotz , Sepp Hochreiter

One of the challenges for neural networks in real-life applications is the overconfident errors these models make when the data is not from the original training distribution. Addressing this issue is known as Out-of-Distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Sina Sharifi , Taha Entesari , Bardia Safaei , Vishal M. Patel , Mahyar Fazlyab

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianhao Zhang , Shenglin Wang , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Radu Calinescu , Lyudmila Mihaylova