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The rise of concern around Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies containing and perpetuating social biases has led to a rich and rapidly growing area of research. Gender bias is one of the central biases being analyzed, but to date…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Hannah Devinney , Jenny Björklund , Henrik Björklund

Social media platforms provide users the freedom of expression and a medium to exchange information and express diverse opinions. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in the growth of abusive content with the purpose of discriminating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sohail Akhtar , Valerio Basile , Viviana Patti

Hate speech detection is a common downstream application of natural language processing (NLP) in the real world. In spite of the increasing accuracy, current data-driven approaches could easily learn biases from the imbalanced data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yi Cai , Arthur Zimek , Gerhard Wunder , Eirini Ntoutsi

Several benchmarks have been built with heavy investment in resources to track our progress in NLP. Thousands of papers published in response to those benchmarks have competed to top leaderboards, with models often surpassing human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Swaroop Mishra , Anjana Arunkumar , Chris Bryan , Chitta Baral

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems learn harmful societal biases that cause them to amplify inequality as they are deployed in more and more situations. To guide efforts at debiasing these systems, the NLP community relies on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Rebecca Marchant , Ricardo Muñoz Sanchez , Mugdha Pandya , Adam Lopez

The advances in natural language processing (NLP) pose both opportunities and challenges. While recent progress enables the development of high-performing models for a variety of tasks, it also poses the risk of models learning harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Abdelrahman Zayed , Goncalo Mordido , Samira Shabanian , Sarath Chandar

Annotator disagreement is ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. There are multiple reasons for such disagreements, including the subjectivity of the task, difficult cases, unclear guidelines, and so on. Rather than simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Naihao Deng , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Siyang Liu , Winston Wu , Lu Wang , Rada Mihalcea

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intents critically involves the use of human or AI feedback. While dense feedback annotations are expensive to acquire and integrate, sparse feedback presents a structural design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Hritik Bansal , John Dang , Aditya Grover

This paper addresses the quality of annotations in mental health datasets used for NLP-based depression level estimation from social media texts. While previous research relies on social media-based datasets annotated with binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Kirill Milintsevich , Kairit Sirts , Gaël Dias

In order to build reliable and trustworthy NLP applications, models need to be both fair across different demographics and explainable. Usually these two objectives, fairness and explainability, are optimized and/or examined independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Stephanie Brandl , Emanuele Bugliarello , Ilias Chalkidis

Language serves as a powerful tool for the manifestation of societal belief systems. In doing so, it also perpetuates the prevalent biases in our society. Gender bias is one of the most pervasive biases in our society and is seen in online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Rishav Hada , Agrima Seth , Harshita Diddee , Kalika Bali

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Understanding the sources of variability in annotations is crucial for developing fair NLP systems, especially for tasks like sexism detection where demographic bias is a concern. This study investigates the extent to which annotator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hadi Mohammadi , Tina Shahedi , Pablo Mosteiro , Massimo Poesio , Ayoub Bagheri , Anastasia Giachanou

When humans label subjective content, they disagree, and that disagreement is not noise. It reflects genuine differences in perspective shaped by annotators' social identities and lived experiences. Yet standard practice still flattens…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Samay U. Shetty , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Deepak Pandita , Christopher M. Homan

We present BiasLab, a dataset of 300 political news articles annotated for perceived ideological bias. These articles were selected from a curated 900-document pool covering diverse political events and source biases. Each article is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kma Solaiman

NLP models have progressed drastically in recent years, according to numerous datasets proposed to evaluate performance. Questions remain, however, about how particular dataset design choices may impact the conclusions we draw about model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Kaiser Sun , Adina Williams , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful support tools across various natural language tasks and a range of application domains. Recent studies focus on exploring their capabilities for data annotation. This paper provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maja Pavlovic , Massimo Poesio

The scale, variety, and quantity of publicly-available NLP datasets has grown rapidly as researchers propose new tasks, larger models, and novel benchmarks. Datasets is a community library for contemporary NLP designed to support this…

Statistical natural language inference (NLI) models are susceptible to learning dataset bias: superficial cues that happen to associate with the label on a particular dataset, but are not useful in general, e.g., negation words indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-26 He He , Sheng Zha , Haohan Wang

Language Models have ushered a new age of AI gaining traction within the NLP community as well as amongst the general population. AI's ability to make predictions, generations and its applications in sensitive decision-making scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ananya Malik
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