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We often use "explainable" Artificial Intelligence (XAI)" and "interpretable AI (IAI)" interchangeably when we apply various XAI tools for a given dataset to explain the reasons that underpin machine learning (ML) outputs. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Caesar Wu , Rajkumar Buyya , Yuan Fang Li , Pascal Bouvry

In recent years, the impact of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in society has been absolutely remarkable. This impact is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. However,the adoption of AI/ML is also a cause of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Joao Marques-Silva

While artificial intelligence (AI) has made many successful applications in various domains, its adoption in healthcare lags a little bit behind other high-stakes settings. Several factors contribute to this slower uptake, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Soheyla Amirian , Luke A. Carlson , Matthew F. Gong , Ines Lohse , Kurt R. Weiss , Johannes F. Plate , Ahmad P. Tafti

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are frequently required by users in many AI systems with the goal of understanding complex models, their associated predictions, and gaining trust. While suitable for some specific tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Savio Rozario , George Čevora

Objective. This paper presents an overview of generalizable and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in deep learning (DL) for medical imaging, aimed at addressing the urgent need for transparency and explainability in clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ahmad Chaddad , Yan Hu , Yihang Wu , Binbin Wen , Reem Kateb

Context: In recent years, leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques has become one of the main solutions to tackle many software engineering (SE) tasks, in research studies (ML4SE). This has been achieved by utilizing state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ahmad Haji Mohammadkhani , Nitin Sai Bommi , Mariem Daboussi , Onkar Sabnis , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Hadi Hemmati

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have substantially improved dermatologists' diagnostic accuracy for melanoma, with explainable AI (XAI) systems further enhancing clinicians' confidence and trust in AI-driven decisions. Despite these…

Deep learning-based medical image analysis faces a significant barrier due to the lack of interpretability. Conventional explainable AI (XAI) techniques, such as Grad-CAM and SHAP, often highlight regions outside clinical interests. To…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Yuhao Zhang , Mingcheng Zhu , Zhiyao Luo

Many ML models are opaque to humans, producing decisions too complex for humans to easily understand. In response, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tools that analyze the inner workings of a model have been created. Despite these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Kiana Alikhademi , Brianna Richardson , Emma Drobina , Juan E. Gilbert

The increasing use of Machine Learning (ML) in sensitive domains such as healthcare, finance, and public policy has raised concerns about the transparency of automated decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) addresses this by clarifying how models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Natalia Abarca , Andrés Carvallo , Claudia López Moncada , Felipe Bravo-Marquez

Most of state of the art methods applied on time series consist of deep learning methods that are too complex to be interpreted. This lack of interpretability is a major drawback, as several applications in the real world are critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Thomas Rojat , Raphaël Puget , David Filliat , Javier Del Ser , Rodolphe Gelin , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have become increasingly important in the context of explainable intrusion detection systems (X-IDSs) for improving the interpretability and trustworthiness of X-IDSs. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Mohammed Alquliti , Erisa Karafili , BooJoong Kang

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating healthcare, from physician assistants to consumer applications. Since AI algorithm's opacity challenges human interaction, explainable AI (XAI) addresses this by providing AI…

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly inform high-stakes decisions across sectors, transparency has become foundational to responsible and trustworthy AI implementation. Leveraging our role as a leading institute in advancing AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Dhanesh Ramachandram , Himanshu Joshi , Judy Zhu , Dhari Gandhi , Lucas Hartman , Ananya Raval

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly required in computational economics, where machine-learning forecasters can outperform classical econometric models but remain difficult to audit and use for policy. This survey…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 Agustín García-García , Pablo Hidalgo , Julio E. Sandubete

Due to the sensitive nature of medicine, it is particularly important and highly demanded that AI methods are explainable. This need has been recognised and there is great research interest in xAI solutions with medical applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Luisa Gallée , Catharina Silvia Lisson , Christoph Gerhard Lisson , Daniela Drees , Felix Weig , Daniel Vogele , Meinrad Beer , Michael Götz

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

Explainable AI (XAI) seeks to transform black-box algorithmic processes into transparent ones, enhancing trust in AI applications across various sectors such as education. This review aims to examine the various definitions of XAI within…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Zaid M. Altukhi , Sojen Pradhan

Deep learning-based AI models have been extensively applied in genomics, achieving remarkable success across diverse applications. As these models gain prominence, there exists an urgent need for interpretability methods to establish…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-16 Chenyu Wang , Chaoying Zuo , Zihan Su , Yuhang Xing , Lu Li , Maojun Wang , Zeyu Zhang

Artificial intelligence is reshaping science and industry, yet many users still regard its models as opaque "black boxes". Conventional explainable artificial-intelligence methods clarify individual predictions but overlook the upstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 George Paterakis , Andrea Castellani , George Papoutsoglou , Tobias Rodemann , Ioannis Tsamardinos
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