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A De Bruijn cycle is a cyclic sequence in which every word of length $n$ over an alphabet $\mathcal{A}$ appears exactly once. De Bruijn tori are a two-dimensional analogue. Motivated by recent progress on universal partial cycles and words,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 William D. Carey , Matthew David Kearney , Rachel Kirsch , Stefan Popescu

The de Bruijn torus (or grid) problem looks to find an $n$-by-$m$ binary matrix in which every possible $j$-by-$k$ submatrix appears exactly once. The existence and construction of these binary matrices was determined in the 70's, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Victoria Horan , Brett Stevens

We present an algebraic construction of trace-based De Bruijn tori over finite fields, focusing on the nonzero variant that omits the all-zero pattern. The construction arranges nonzero field elements on a toroidal grid using two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Ming Hsuan Kang , Yu Hsuan Hsieh

A de Bruijn sequence of order n over a k-symbol alphabet is a circular sequence where each length-n sequence occurs exactly once. We present a way of extending de Bruijn sequences by adding a new symbol to the alphabet: the extension is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Verónica Becher , Lucas Cortés

A de Bruijn array code is a set of $r \times s$ binary doubly-periodic arrays such that each binary $n \times m$ matrix is contained exactly once as a window in one of the arrays. Such a set of arrays can be viewed as a two-dimensional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Tuvi Etzion

De Bruijn tori, or perfect maps, are two-dimensional periodic arrays of letters from a finite alphabet, where each possible pattern of shape (m,n) appears exactly once in a single period. While the existence of certain de Bruijn tori, such…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Peer Stelldinger

We present sufficient conditions for when an ordering of universal cycles $\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \ldots, \alpha_m$ for disjoint sets $\mathbf{S}_1, \mathbf{S}_2, \ldots , \mathbf{S}_m$ can be concatenated together to obtain a universal cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-25 Daniel Gabric , Joe Sawada

We introduce two-dimensional toroidal arrays that are a variant of the de Bruijn tori. We call them nested perfect toroidal arrays. Instead of asking that every array of a given size has exactly one occurrence, we partition the positions in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Verónica Becher , Olivier Carton

This paper describes new, simple, recursive methods of construction for orientable sequences, i.e. periodic binary sequences in which any n-tuple occurs at most once in a period in either direction. As has been previously described, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Chris J Mitchell , Peter R Wild

Experimental results show that, when the order $n$ is odd, there are de Bruijn sequences such that the corresponding complement sequence and the reverse sequence are the same. In this paper, we propose one efficient method to generate such…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zuling Chang , Qiang Wang

A new family of decagonal quasiperiodic tilings are constructed by the use of generalized point substitution processes, which is a new substitution formalism developed by the author [N. Fujita, Acta Cryst. A 65, 342 (2009)]. These tilings…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Nobuhisa Fujita

Pseudo-random arrays and perfect maps are the two-dimensional analogs of M-sequences and de Bruijn sequences, respectively. We modify the definitions to be applied to codes. These codes are also the two-dimensional analogs of certain…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Tuvi Etzion

Every binary De~Bruijn sequence of order n satisfies a recursion 0=x_n+x_0+g(x_{n-1}, ..., x_1). Given a function f on (n-1) bits, let N(f; r) be the number of functions generating a De Bruijn sequence of order n which are obtained by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Don Coppersmith , Robert C. Rhoades , Jeffrey M. VanderKam

We generalize the notion of a de Bruijn sequence to a "multi de Bruijn sequence": a cyclic or linear sequence that contains every k-mer over an alphabet of size q exactly m times. For example, over the binary alphabet {0,1}, the cyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Glenn Tesler

A special type of cyclic sequences named adjacency-hopping de Bruijn sequences is introduced in this paper. It is theoretically proved the existence of such sequences, and the number of such sequences is derived. These sequences guarantee…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Bin Chen , Zhenglin Liang , Shiqian Wu

An M-sequence generated by a primitive polynomial has many interesting and desirable properties. A pseudo-random array is the two-dimensional generalization of an M-sequence. There are non-primitive polynomials all of whose non-zero…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Simon Blackburn , Yeow Meng Chee , Tuvi Etzion , Huimin Lao

We investigate a family of $4$-regular graphs constructed to test for the presence of combinatorial structure in a sequence of distinct real numbers. We show that the graphs constructed from the Kronecker sequence can be embedded into the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Zawad Chowdhury , Francois Clement , Max Horwitz

An $(m,n,R)$-de Bruijn covering array (dBCA) is a doubly periodic $M \times N$ array over an alphabet of size $q$ such that the set of all its $m \times n$ windows form a covering code with radius $R$. An upper bound of the smallest array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yeow Meng Chee , Tuvi Etzion , Hoang Ta , Van Khu Vu

We propose a construction of de Bruijn sequences by the cycle joining method from linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) with arbitrary characteristic polynomial $f(x)$. We study in detail the cycle structure of the set $\Omega(f(x))$ that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Zuling Chang , Martianus Frederic Ezerman , San Ling , Huaxiong Wang

We use modular arithmetic to construct a de Bruijn array containing all fillings of an L (a 2 x 2 array with the upper right corner removed) with digits chosen from {0,...,k-1}.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-04 Lara Pudwell , Rachel Rockey
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