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Interactive recommendation aims to learn from dynamic interactions between items and users to achieve responsiveness and accuracy. Reinforcement learning is inherently advantageous for coping with dynamic environments and thus has attracted…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Xiaocong Chen , Chaoran Huang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wei Liu , Wenjie Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a key factor in aligning model behavior with users' goals. However, while humans integrate multiple strategies when making decisions, current RLHF approaches often simplify this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Evelyn Rose , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective approach for advancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the strategic integration of external search engines. However, current RL-based search agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chuzhan Hao , Wenfeng Feng , Guochao Jiang , Guofeng Quan , Guohua Liu , Yuewei Zhang

One key property in recommender systems is the long-tail distribution in user-item interactions where most items only have few user feedback. Improving the recommendation of tail items can promote novelty and bring positive effects to both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tieyun Qian , Yile Liang , Qing Li , Xuan Ma , Ke Sun , Zhiyong Peng

Recently, recommender systems have been able to emit substantially improved recommendations by leveraging user-provided reviews. Existing methods typically merge all reviews of a given user or item into a long document, and then process…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Xin Dong , Jingchao Ni , Wei Cheng , Zhengzhang Chen , Bo Zong , Dongjin Song , Yanchi Liu , Haifeng Chen , Gerard de Melo

Recent advances in path-based explainable recommendation systems have attracted increasing attention thanks to the rich information provided by knowledge graphs. Most existing explainable recommendations only utilize static knowledge graphs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Yicong Li , Hongxu Chen , Yile Li , Lin Li , Philip S. Yu , Guandong Xu

Inspired by advances in LLMs, reasoning-enhanced sequential recommendation performs multi-step deliberation before making final predictions, unlocking greater potential for capturing user preferences. However, current methods are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yifan Shao , Peilin Zhou , Shoujin Wang , Weizhi Zhang , Xu Cai , Sunghun Kim

Recommender systems have played a critical role in many web applications to meet user's personalized interests and alleviate the information overload. In this survey, we review the development of recommendation frameworks with the focus on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Chao Huang

Reinforcement learning algorithms struggle on tasks with complex hierarchical dependency structures. Humans and other intelligent agents do not waste time assessing the utility of every high-level action in existence, but instead only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Robby Costales , Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) allows interactive agents to decompose complex problems into a hierarchy of sub-tasks. Higher-level tasks can invoke the solutions of lower-level tasks as if they were primitive actions. In this…

Conversational recommendation systems (CRS) aim to timely and proactively acquire user dynamic preferred attributes through conversations for item recommendation. In each turn of CRS, there naturally have two decision-making processes with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sen Zhao , Wei Wei , Yifan Liu , Ziyang Wang , Wendi Li , Xian-Ling Mao , Shuai Zhu , Minghui Yang , Zujie Wen

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) algorithms have been demonstrated to perform well on high-dimensional decision making and robotic control tasks. However, because they solely optimize for rewards, the agent tends to search the same…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kandai Watanabe , Mathew Strong , Omer Eldar

Feature selection aims to preprocess the target dataset, find an optimal and most streamlined feature subset, and enhance the downstream machine learning task. Among filter, wrapper, and embedded-based approaches, the reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Weiliang Zhang , Xiaohan Huang , Yi Du , Ziyue Qiao , Qingqing Long , Zhen Meng , Yuanchun Zhou , Meng Xiao

We study how to effectively leverage expert feedback to learn sequential decision-making policies. We focus on problems with sparse rewards and long time horizons, which typically pose significant challenges in reinforcement learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Hoang M. Le , Nan Jiang , Alekh Agarwal , Miroslav Dudík , Yisong Yue , Hal Daumé

With the continuous development of machine learning technology, major e-commerce platforms have launched recommendation systems based on it to serve a large number of customers with different needs more efficiently. Compared with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yang Yu , Zhenhao Gu , Rong Tao , Jingtian Ge , Kenglun Chang

Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

As a key stage of Recommender Systems (RSs), Multi-Task Fusion (MTF) is responsible for merging multiple scores output by Multi-Task Learning (MTL) into a single score, finally determining the recommendation results. Recently, Reinforcement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Peng Liu , Cong Xu , Jiawei Zhu , Ming Zhao , Bin Wang

Hierarchical agents have the potential to solve sequential decision making tasks with greater sample efficiency than their non-hierarchical counterparts because hierarchical agents can break down tasks into sets of subtasks that only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Andrew Levy , George Konidaris , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained traction for enhancing user long-term experiences in recommender systems by effectively exploring users' interests. However, modern recommender systems exhibit distinct user behavioral patterns among…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Changshuo Zhang , Sirui Chen , Xiao Zhang , Sunhao Dai , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

Personalized recommender systems play a crucial role in capturing users' evolving preferences over time to provide accurate and effective recommendations on various online platforms. However, many recommendation models rely on a single type…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Wei Wei , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang
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