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Modern regression analyses are often undermined by covariate measurement error, misspecification of the regression model, and misspecification of the measurement error distribution. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-25 Mengqi Chen , Charita Dellaporta , Thomas B. Berrett , Theodoros Damoulas

Regression models that ignore measurement error in predictors may produce highly biased estimates leading to erroneous inferences. It is well known that it is extremely difficult to take measurement error into account in Gaussian…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-03 Mohammad W. Hattab , David Ruppert

This article focuses on measurement error in covariates in regression analyses in which the aim is to estimate the association between one or more covariates and an outcome, adjusting for confounding. Error in covariate measurements, if…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-16 Ruth H. Keogh , Jonathan W. Bartlett

Background: Measurement errors in terms of quantification or classification frequently occur in epidemiologic data and can strongly impact inference. Measurement errors may occur when ascertaining, recording or extracting data. Although the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Walter K Kremers

In various applications of regression analysis, in addition to errors in the dependent observations also errors in the predictor variables play a substantial role and need to be incorporated in the statistical modeling process. In this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Katharina Proksch , Nicolai Bissantz , Hajo Holzmann

Ideally, a meta-analysis will summarize data from several unbiased studies. Here we consider the less than ideal situation in which contributing studies may be compromised by measurement error. Measurement error affects every study design,…

Bayesian inference is a popular approach to calibrating uncertainties, but it can underpredict such uncertainties when model misspecification is present, impacting its reliability to inform decision making. Recently, the statistics and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Rebekah White , Rileigh Bandy , Teresa Portone

Parametric Bayesian modeling offers a powerful and flexible toolbox for machine learning. Yet the model, however detailed, may still be wrong, and this can make inferences untrustworthy. In this paper we introduce a new class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-03 Bohan Wu , Eli N. Weinstein , Sohrab Salehi , Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

We present a proposal to deal with the non-normality issue in the context of regression models with measurement errors when both the response and the explanatory variable are observed with error. We extend the normal model by jointly…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-28 C. R. B. Cabral , N. L. de Souza , J. Leão

Bayesian regression determines model parameters by minimizing the expected loss, an upper bound to the true generalization error. However, the loss ignores misspecification, where models are imperfect. Parameter uncertainties from Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-07 Thomas D Swinburne , Danny Perez

In the usual Bayesian setting, a full probabilistic model is required to link the data and parameters, and the form of this model and the inference and prediction mechanisms are specified via de Finetti's representation. In general, such a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Yu Luo , David A. Stephens , Daniel J. Graham , Emma J. McCoy

In many science and industry settings, a central challenge is designing experiments under time and budget constraints. Bayesian Optimal Experimental Design (BOED) is a paradigm to pick maximally informative designs that has been widely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Roubing Tang , Sabina J. Sloman , Samuel Kaski

This work takes a critical look at the application of conventional machine learning methods to wireless communication problems through the lens of reliability and robustness. Deep learning techniques adopt a frequentist framework, and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Zecchin , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Marios Kountouris , David Gesbert

To account for measurement error (ME) in explanatory variables, Bayesian approaches provide a flexible framework, as expert knowledge about unobserved covariates can be incorporated in the prior distributions. However, given the analytic…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-08-19 Stefanie Muff , Andrea Riebler , Havard Rue , Philippe Saner , Leonhard Held

Covariate measurement error in nonparametric regression is a common problem in nutritional epidemiology and geostatistics, and other fields. Over the last two decades, this problem has received substantial attention in the frequentist…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Shuang Zhou , Debdeep Pati , Tianying Wang , Yun Yang , Raymond J. Carroll

This paper establishes that so-called instrumental variables enable the identification and the estimation of a fully nonparametric regression model with Berkson-type measurement error in the regressors. An estimator is proposed and proven…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-15 Susanne M. Schennach

We consider a framework for determining and estimating the conditional pairwise relationships of variables when the observed samples are contaminated with measurement error in high dimensional settings. Assuming the true underlying…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-05 Michael Byrd , Linh Nghiem , Monnie McGee

This paper is concerned with general nonlinear regression models where the predictor variables are subject to Berkson-type measurement errors. The measurement errors are assumed to have a general parametric distribution, which is not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-21 Liqun Wang

We empirically show that Bayesian inference can be inconsistent under misspecification in simple linear regression problems, both in a model averaging/selection and in a Bayesian ridge regression setting. We use the standard linear model,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Peter Grünwald , Thijs van Ommen

Measurement error arises through a variety of mechanisms. A rich literature exists on the bias introduced by covariate measurement error and on methods of analysis to address this bias. By comparison, less attention has been given to errors…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-27 Pamela Shaw , Jiwei He , Bryan Shepherd
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