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Test smells reduce test suite reliability and complicate maintenance. While many methods detect test smells, few support automated removal, and most rely on static analysis or machine learning. This study evaluates models with relatively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Rian Melo , Pedro Simões , Rohit Gheyi , Marcelo d'Amorim , Márcio Ribeiro , Gustavo Soares , Eduardo Almeida , Elvys Soares

Logging plays a central role in ensuring reproducibility, observability, and reliability in machine learning (ML) systems. While logging is generally considered a good engineering practice, poorly designed logging can negatively affect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Heng Li , Ettore Merlo

Architectural smells such as God Class, Cyclic Dependency, and Hub-like Dependency degrade software quality and maintainability. Existing tools detect such smells but rarely suggest how to fix them. This paper explores the use of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Samal Nursapa , Anastassiya Samuilova , Alessio Bucaioni , Phuong T. Nguyen

Code comments are important in software development because they directly influence software maintainability and overall quality. Bad practices of code comments lead to code comment smells, negatively impacting software maintenance. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ipek Oztas , U Boran Torun , Eray Tüzün

A code smell is a surface indicator of an inherent problem in the system, most often due to deviation from standard coding practices on the developers part during the development phase. Studies observe that code smells made the code more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Abhiram Anand Gulanikar , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti

Code smell is a great challenge in software refactoring, which indicates latent design or implementation flaws that may degrade the software maintainability and evolution. Over the past of decades, the research on code smell has received…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hanyu Zhang , Tomoji Kishi

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are pervasive in the current computer science landscape. Yet, there still exists a lack of software engineering experience and best practices in this field. One such best practice,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bart van Oort , Luís Cruz , Maurício Aniche , Arie van Deursen

CONTEXT: There has been a rapid growth in the use of data analytics to underpin evidence-based software engineering. However the combination of complex techniques, diverse reporting standards and poorly understood underlying phenomena are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Tim Menzies , Martin Shepperd

Machine learning (ML) codebases face unprecedented challenges in maintaining code quality and sustainability as their complexity grows exponentially. While traditional code smell detection tools exist, they fail to address ML-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

Code Smell Detection (CSD) plays a crucial role in improving software quality and maintainability. And Deep Learning (DL) techniques have emerged as a promising approach for CSD due to their superior performance. However, the effectiveness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Fengji Zhang , Zexian Zhang , Jacky Wai Keung , Xiangru Tang , Zhen Yang , Xiao Yu , Wenhua Hu

Code review plays an important role in software quality control. A typical review process would involve a careful check of a piece of code in an attempt to find defects and other quality issues/violations. One type of issues that may impact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Xiaofeng Han , Amjed Tahir , Peng Liang , Steve Counsell , Yajing Luo

Code smells are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices, which might hinder comprehension, increase code complexity and fault-proneness and decrease maintainability of software systems. The aim of our study was to perform a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Peter Kokol , Marko Kokol , Sašo Zagoranski

Software development relies heavily on text-based communication, making sentiment analysis a valuable tool for understanding team dynamics and supporting trustworthy AI-driven analytics in requirements engineering. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Martin Obaidi , Marc Herrmann , Jil Klünder , Kurt Schneider

Elixir is a new functional programming language whose popularity is rising in the industry. However, there are few works in the literature focused on studying the internal quality of systems implemented in this language. Particularly, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lucas Francisco da Matta Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente

Requirements form the basis for defining software systems' obligations and tasks. Testable requirements help prevent failures, reduce maintenance costs, and make it easier to perform acceptance tests. However, despite the importance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Morteza Zakeri-Nasrabadi , Saeed Parsa

Context: A substantial amount of work has been done to detect smells in source code using metrics-based and heuristics-based methods. Machine learning methods have been recently applied to detect source code smells; however, the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tushar Sharma , Vasiliki Efstathiou , Panos Louridas , Diomidis Spinellis

Dependencies between modules can trigger ripple effects when changes are made, making maintenance complex and costly, so minimizing these dependencies is crucial. Consequently, understanding what drives dependencies is important. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zushuai Zhang , Elliott Wen , Ewan Tempero

Software design debt aims to elucidate the rectification attempts of the present design flaws and studies the influence of those to the cost and time of the software. Design smells are a key cause of incurring design debt. Although the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

To reduce technical debt and make code more maintainable, it is important to be able to warn programmers about code smells. State-of-the-art code small detectors use deep learners, without much exploration of alternatives within that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Rahul Yedida , Tim Menzies