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Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and bind to specific antigens, and their 3D structures are crucial for understanding their binding mechanism and designing therapeutic interventions. The specificity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jiying Zhang , Zijing Liu , Shengyuan Bai , He Cao , Yu Li , Lei Zhang

Biologists frequently desire protein inhibitors for a variety of reasons, including use as research tools for understanding biological processes and application to societal problems in agriculture, healthcare, etc. Immunotherapy, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Po-Yu Liang , Jun Bai

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), which aims to generate molecules that can bind tightly to the target protein, is an essential problem in drug discovery, and previous approaches have achieved initial success. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Xinze Li , Penglei Wang , Tianfan Fu , Wenhao Gao , Chengtao Li , Leilei Shi , Junhong Liu

Antibodies, crucial for immune defense, primarily rely on complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to bind and neutralize antigens, such as viruses. The design of these CDRs determines the antibody's affinity and specificity towards its…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Paulina Kulytė , Francisco Vargas , Simon Valentin Mathis , Yu Guang Wang , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Pietro Liò

We study a fundamental problem in structure-based drug design -- generating molecules that bind to specific protein binding sites. While we have witnessed the great success of deep generative models in drug design, the existing methods are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Jianzhu Ma , Jian Peng

Antibodies are canonically Y-shaped multimeric proteins capable of highly specific molecular recognition. The CDRH3 region located at the tip of variable chains of an antibody dominates antigen-binding specificity. Therefore, it is a…

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Antibody engineering is essential for developing therapeutics and advancing biomedical research. Traditional discovery methods often rely on time-consuming and resource-intensive experimental screening. To enhance and streamline this…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Jie Gao , Jing Hu , Shanzhuo Zhang , Kunrui Zhu , Sheng Qian , Yueyang Huang , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang

Continuous-depth neural networks, such as Neural ODEs, have refashioned the understanding of residual neural networks in terms of non-linear vector-valued optimal control problems. The common solution is to use the adjoint sensitivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Andrew Corbett , Dmitry Kangin

Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) have emerged as a novel network architecture that bridges dynamical systems and deep learning. However, the gradient obtained with the continuous adjoint method in the vanilla neural ODE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Hong Zhang , Wenjun Zhao

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to generate 3D ligand molecules that bind to specific protein targets. Existing 3D deep generative models including diffusion models have shown great promise for SBDD. However, it is complex to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-01 Zhilin Huang , Ling Yang , Zaixi Zhang , Xiangxin Zhou , Yu Bao , Xiawu Zheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Wang , Wenming Yang

Computational methods that operate on three-dimensional molecular structure have the potential to solve important questions in biology and chemistry. In particular, deep neural networks have gained significant attention, but their…

The success of therapeutic antibodies relies on their ability to selectively bind antigens. AI-based antibody design protocols have shown promise in generating epitope-specific designs. Many of these protocols use an inverse folding step to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-12 Divya Nori , Simon V. Mathis , Amir Shanehsazzadeh

Generating molecules with high binding affinities to target proteins (a.k.a. structure-based drug design) is a fundamental and challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have achieved remarkable success in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-24 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

We develop a framework for goal-oriented optimal design of experiments (GOODE) for large-scale Bayesian linear inverse problems governed by PDEs. This framework differs from classical Bayesian optimal design of experiments (ODE) in the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Ahmed Attia , Alen Alexanderian , Arvind K. Saibaba

Recent advances in generative models, particularly diffusion and auto-regressive models, have revolutionized fields like computer vision and natural language processing. However, their application to structure-based drug design (SBDD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yi He , Ailun Wang , Zhi Wang , Yu Liu , Xingyuan Xu , Wen Yan

The idea of using deep-learning-based molecular generation to accelerate discovery of drug candidates has attracted extraordinary attention, and many deep generative models have been developed for automated drug design, termed molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-01 Odin Zhang , Haitao Lin , Hui Zhang , Huifeng Zhao , Yufei Huang , Yuansheng Huang , Dejun Jiang , Chang-yu Hsieh , Peichen Pan , Tingjun Hou

The ability to computationally generate novel yet physically foldable protein structures could lead to new biological discoveries and new treatments targeting yet incurable diseases. Despite recent advances in protein structure prediction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-28 Kevin E. Wu , Kevin K. Yang , Rianne van den Berg , James Y. Zou , Alex X. Lu , Ava P. Amini

Network embedding represents nodes in a continuous vector space and preserves structure information from the Network. Existing methods usually adopt a "one-size-fits-all" approach when concerning multi-scale structure information, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Lei Sang , Min Xu , Shengsheng Qian , Xindong Wu

This paper describes PyOED, a highly extensible scientific package that enables developing and testing model-constrained optimal experimental design (OED) for inverse problems. Specifically, PyOED aims to be a comprehensive Python toolkit…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Abhijit Chowdhary , Shady E. Ahmed , Ahmed Attia