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Whilst an abundance of techniques have recently been proposed to generate counterfactual explanations for the predictions of opaque black-box systems, markedly less attention has been paid to exploring the uncertainty of these generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Eoin Delaney , Derek Greene , Mark T. Keane

The recent abundance of data on electricity consumption at different scales opens new challenges and highlights the need for new techniques to leverage information present at finer scales in order to improve forecasts at wider scales. In…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-23 Anestis Antoniadis , Solenne Gaucher , Yannig Goude

The notion of uncertainty is of major importance in machine learning and constitutes a key element of machine learning methodology. In line with the statistical tradition, uncertainty has long been perceived as almost synonymous with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

The hybrid neural differentiable models mark a significant advancement in the field of scientific machine learning. These models, integrating numerical representations of known physics into deep neural networks, offer enhanced predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Deepak Akhare , Tengfei Luo , Jian-Xun Wang

Computational models support high-stakes decisions across engineering and science, and practitioners increasingly seek probabilistic predictions to quantify uncertainty in such models. Existing approaches generate predictions either by…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Rileigh Bandy , Enrico Camporeale , Andong Hu , Thomas Berger , Rebecca Morrison

Management and efficient operations in critical infrastructure such as Smart Grids take huge advantage of accurate power load forecasting which, due to its nonlinear nature, remains a challenging task. Recently, deep learning has emerged in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Alberto Gasparin , Slobodan Lukovic , Cesare Alippi

Load forecasting is essential for the efficient, reliable, and cost-effective management of power systems. Load forecasting performance can be improved by learning the similarities among multiple entities (e.g., regions, buildings).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-07 Onintze Zaballa , Verónica Álvarez , Santiago Mazuelas

Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is essential in probabilistic machine learning models, particularly for assessing the reliability of predictions. In this paper, we present a systematic framework for estimating both epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-11 Marzieh Ajirak , Anand Ravishankar , Petar M. Djuric

Faithful uncertainty quantification (UQ) is paramount in high stakes climate prediction. Deep ensembles, or ensembles of probabilistic neural networks, are state of the art for UQ in machine learning (ML) and are growing increasingly…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Devin M. McAfee , Elizabeth A. Barnes

Reinforcement learning agents are faced with two types of uncertainty. Epistemic uncertainty stems from limited data and is useful for exploration, whereas aleatoric uncertainty arises from stochastic environments and must be accounted for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-10 William R. Clements , Bastien Van Delft , Benoît-Marie Robaglia , Reda Bahi Slaoui , Sébastien Toth

Prediction deviations of different uncertainties have varying impacts on downstream decision-making. Improving the prediction accuracy of critical uncertainties with significant impacts on decision-making quality yields better optimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Yingrui Zhuang , Lin Cheng , Can Wan , Rui Xie , Ning Qi , Yue Chen

Uncertainty calibration in pre-trained transformers is critical for their reliable deployment in risk-sensitive applications. Yet, most existing pre-trained transformers do not have a principled mechanism for uncertainty propagation through…

Uncertainty pervades through the modern robotic autonomy stack, with nearly every component (e.g., sensors, detection, classification, tracking, behavior prediction) producing continuous or discrete probabilistic distributions. Trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Boris Ivanovic , Yifeng Lin , Shubham Shrivastava , Punarjay Chakravarty , Marco Pavone

It is highly desirable to know how uncertain a model's predictions are, especially for models that are complex and hard to understand as in deep learning. Although there has been a growing interest in using deep learning methods in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Davood Karimi , Simon K. Warfield , Ali Gholipour

Electricity is difficult to store, except at prohibitive cost, and therefore the balance between generation and load must be maintained at all times. Electricity is traditionally managed by anticipating demand and intermittent production…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Julie Keisler , Margaux Bregere

Uncertainty quantification is at the core of the reliability and robustness of machine learning. In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework to dissect the uncertainty, especially the \textit{epistemic} component, in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ziyi Huang , Henry Lam , Haofeng Zhang

With the widespread success of deep neural networks in science and technology, it is becoming increasingly important to quantify the uncertainty of the predictions produced by deep learning. In this paper, we introduce a new method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Qingyang Wu , He Li , Lexin Li , Zhou Yu

Epistemic uncertainty in neural networks is commonly modeled using two second-order paradigms: distribution-based representations, which rely on posterior parameter distributions, and set-based representations based on credal sets (convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Kaizheng Wang , Yunjia Wang , Fabio Cuzzolin , David Moens , Hans Hallez , Siu Lun Chau

The rapid progress of diffusion models highlights the growing need for detecting generated images. Previous research demonstrates that incorporating diffusion-based measurements, such as reconstruction error, can enhance the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yingsong Huang , Hui Guo , Jing Huang , Bing Bai , Qi Xiong

The distribution of a neural network's latent representations has been successfully used to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data. This work investigates whether this distribution moreover correlates with a model's epistemic uncertainty,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Janis Postels , Hermann Blum , Yannick Strümpler , Cesar Cadena , Roland Siegwart , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari