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Math Word Problem (MWP) solving is a critical task in natural language processing, has garnered significant research interest in recent years. Various recent studies heavily rely on Seq2Seq models and their extensions (e.g., Seq2Tree and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yi Zhang , Guangyou Zhou , Zhiwen Xie , Jinjin Ma , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

Understanding of free-format multi-step arithmetic word problems with extraneous information is discussed. A model including a full set of general skills necessary for understanding such problems was developed and computer implemented. The…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yefim Bakman

As models increasingly leverage multi-step reasoning strategies to solve complex problems, supervising the logical validity of these intermediate steps has become a critical research challenge. Process reward models address this by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Wei Xiong , Wenting Zhao , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Tong Zhang , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Scalable Gaussian process (GP) inference is essential for sequential decision-making tasks, yet improving GP scalability remains a challenging problem with many open avenues of research. This paper focuses on iterative GPs, where iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Alan Yufei Dong , Jihao Andreas Lin , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but often struggle with complex, multi-step mathematical reasoning, where minor errors in visual perception or logical deduction can lead to complete failure.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jianghangfan Zhang , Yibo Yan , Kening Zheng , Xin Zou , Song Dai , Xuming Hu

This study focuses on Embodied Complex-Question Answering task, which means the embodied robot need to understand human questions with intricate structures and abstract semantics. The core of this task lies in making appropriate plans based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ning Lan , Baoshan Ou , Xuemei Xie , Guangming Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

Developing automatic Math Word Problem (MWP) solvers has been an interest of NLP researchers since the 1960s. Over the last few years, there are a growing number of datasets and deep learning-based methods proposed for effectively solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Yihuai Lan , Lei Wang , Qiyuan Zhang , Yunshi Lan , Bing Tian Dai , Yan Wang , Dongxiang Zhang , Ee-Peng Lim

When to solve math problems, most language models take a sampling strategy to predict next word according conditional probabilities. In the math reasoning step, it may generate wrong answer. Considering math problems are deterministic, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Gang Chen

We introduce MeSys, a meaning-based approach, for solving English math word problems (MWPs) via understanding and reasoning in this paper. It first analyzes the text, transforms both body and question parts into their corresponding logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Chao-Chun Liang , Yu-Shiang Wong , Yi-Chung Lin , Keh-Yih Su

Current math word problem (MWP) solvers are usually Seq2Seq models trained by the (one-problem; one-solution) pairs, each of which is made of a problem description and a solution showing reasoning flow to get the correct answer. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Zhenwen Liang , Jipeng Zhang , Lei Wang , Yan Wang , Jie Shao , Xiangliang Zhang

Mathematical reasoning remains challenging for LLMs due to complex logic and the need for precise computation. Existing methods enhance LLM reasoning by synthesizing datasets through problem rephrasing, but face issues with generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Lei Xu , Sirui Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Chaochao Lu

Math word problem (MWP) serves as a fundamental research topic in artificial intelligence (AI) dating back to 1960s. This research aims to advance the reasoning abilities of AI by mirroring the human-like cognitive intelligence. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhenya Huang , Jiayu Liu , Xin Lin , Zhiyuan Ma , Shangzi Xue , Tong Xiao , Qi Liu , Yee Whye Teh , Enhong Chen

Automatically generating high-quality step-by-step solutions to math word problems has many applications in education. Recently, combining large language models (LLMs) with external tools to perform complex reasoning and calculation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Joy He-Yueya , Gabriel Poesia , Rose E. Wang , Noah D. Goodman

We introduce a multi-stage prompting approach (MSP) for the generation of multiple choice questions (MCQs), harnessing the capabilities of GPT models such as text-davinci-003 and GPT-4, renowned for their excellence across various NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar

State-of-the-art language models can match human performance on many tasks, but they still struggle to robustly perform multi-step mathematical reasoning. To diagnose the failures of current models and support research, we introduce GSM8K,…

Current approaches for training Process Reward Models (PRMs) often involve breaking down responses into multiple reasoning steps using rule-based techniques, such as using predefined placeholder tokens or setting the reasoning step's length…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuliang Liu , Junjie Lu , Zhaoling Chen , Chaofeng Qu , Jason Klein Liu , Chonghan Liu , Zefan Cai , Yunhui Xia , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Chuheng Zhang , Wei Shen , Zhouhan Lin

Generative AI systems have revolutionized human interaction by enabling natural language-based coding and problem solving. However, the inherent ambiguity of natural language often leads to imprecise instructions, forcing users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Fabrizio Marozzo

Solving math word problems is a challenging task that requires accurate natural language understanding to bridge natural language texts and math expressions. Motivated by the intuition about how human generates the equations given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ting-Rui Chiang , Yun-Nung Chen

Digital learning platforms enable students to learn on a flexible and individual schedule as well as providing instant feedback mechanisms. The field of STEM education requires students to solve numerous training exercises to grasp…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Stanley Uros Keller