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Heterogeneity is becoming increasingly ubiquitous in modern large-scale computer systems. Developing good load balancing policies for systems whose resources have varying speeds is crucial in achieving low response times. Indeed, how best…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Kristen Gardner , Jazeem Abdul Jaleel , Alexander Wickeham , Sherwin Doroudi

We address the problem of giving robust performance bounds based on the study of the asymptotic behavior of the insensitive load balancing schemes when the number of servers and the load scales jointly. These schemes have the desirable…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Matthieu Jonckheere , Balakrishna Prabhu

We study the steady-state delay performance of load balancing in large-scale systems with heterogeneous servers in the heavy-traffic regimes. The system consists of $N$ servers, each with a local buffer of size $b-1$, serving jobs in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Xin Liu , Lei Ying

The model is motivated by the problem of load distribution in large-scale cloud-based data processing systems. We consider a heterogeneous service system, consisting of multiple large server pools. The pools are different in that their…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Alexander Stolyar

We consider a load balancing system consisting of $n$ single-server queues working in parallel, with heterogeneous service rates. Jobs arrive to a central dispatcher, which has to dispatch them to one of the queues immediately upon arrival.…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yishun Luo , Martin Zubeldia

We consider a system of $N$ parallel queues with identical exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process. When a task arrives, the dispatcher always assigns it to an idle server, if there is any,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-14 D. Mukherjee , S. C. Borst , J. S. H. van Leeuwaarden , P. A. Whiting

We study distributed load balancing in bipartite queueing systems where frontends route jobs to heterogeneous backends with workload-dependent service rates. The system's connectivity -- governed by compatibility constraints such as data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wenxin Zhang , Santiago R. Balseiro , Robert Kleinberg , Vahab Mirrokni , Balasubramanian Sivan , Bartek Wydrowski

The Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) load balancing scheme is known to minimise the average response time of jobs in homogeneous systems with identical servers. However, for {\em heterogeneous} systems with servers having different processing…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Sanidhay Bhambay , Burak Büke , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

This paper studies a 2-class, 2-server parallel server system under the recently introduced extended heavy traffic condition, which states that the underlying 'static allocation' linear program (LP) is critical, but does not require that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Rami Atar , Eyal Castiel , Marty Reiman

The model is a "generalized switch", serving multiple traffic flows in discrete time. The switch uses MaxWeight algorithm to make a service decision (scheduling choice) at each time step, which determines the probability distribution of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-13 Rahul Singh , Alexander Stolyar

We present an overview of scalable load balancing algorithms which provide favorable delay performance in large-scale systems, and yet only require minimal implementation overhead. Aimed at a broad audience, the paper starts with an…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Mark van der Boor , Sem C. Borst , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Debankur Mukherjee

We consider the model of a token-based joint auto-scaling and load balancing strategy, proposed in a recent paper by Mukherjee, Dhara, Borst, and van Leeuwaarden (SIGMETRICS '17, arXiv:1703.08373), which offers an efficient scalable…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-27 Debankur Mukherjee , Alexander Stolyar

We consider the problem of scheduling a queueing system in which many statistically identical servers cater to several classes of impatient customers. Service times and impatience clocks are exponential while arrival processes are renewal.…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rami Atar , Avi Mandelbaum , Martin I. Reiman

This paper studies load balancing for many-server ($N$ servers) systems. Each server has a buffer of size $b-1,$ and can have at most one job in service and $b-1$ jobs in the buffer. The service time of a job follows the Coxian-2…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Xin Liu , Kang Gong , Lei Ying

We study the scheduling polices for asymptotically optimal delay in queueing systems with switching overhead. Such systems consist of a single server that serves multiple queues, and some capacity is lost whenever the server switches to…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Ping-Chun Hsieh , I-Hong Hou , Xi Liu

A service system with multiple types of customers, arriving according to Poisson processes, is considered. The system is heterogeneous in that the servers also can be of multiple types. Each customer has an independent exponentially…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Alexander Stolyar

In most service systems, the servers are humans who desire to experience a certain level of idleness. In call centers, this manifests itself as the call avoidance behavior, where servers strategically adjust their service rate to strike a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Burak Büke , Goncalo dos Reis , Vadim Platonov

We consider the problem of minimizing queue-length costs in a system with heterogenous parallel servers, operating in a many-server heavy-traffic regime with nondegenerate slowdown. This regime is distinct from the well-studied heavy…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-24 Rami Atar , Itai Gurvich

We aim to maximize the energy efficiency, gauged as average energy cost per job, in a large-scale server farm with various storage or/and computing components modeled as parallel abstracted servers. Each server operates in multiple power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Jing Fu , Xinyu Wang , Zengfu Wang , Moshe Zukerman

A parallel server system with $n$ identical servers is considered. The service time distribution has a finite mean $1/\mu$, but otherwise is arbitrary. Arriving customers are be routed to one of the servers immediately upon arrival.…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Sergey Foss , Alexander Stolyar
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