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An $n$-qubit quantum circuit is said to be peaked if it has an output probability that is at least inverse-polynomially large as a function of $n$. We describe a classical algorithm with quasipolynomial runtime $n^{O(\log{n})}$ that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-18 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

The Pauli strings appearing in the decomposition of an operator can be can be grouped into commuting families, reducing the number of quantum circuits needed to measure the expectation value of the operator. We detail an algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Ben Reggio , Nouman Butt , Andrew Lytle , Patrick Draper

We analyze the method for calculation of properties of non-relativistic quantum systems based on exact diagonalization of space-discretized short-time evolution operators. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the errors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-08 Ivana Vidanovic , Aleksandar Bogojevic , Aleksandar Belic

Decoherence of quantum hardware is currently limiting its practical applications. At the same time, classical algorithms for simulating quantum circuits have progressed substantially. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid framework that integrates…

We present a quantum algorithm for multiplying two $n$-bit integers with overall circuit depth and $T$-depth both bounded by $O(\log^{2} n)$, while using $O(n^{2})$ gates and ancillary qubits. Our construction generates partial products via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Fred Sun , Anton Borissov

The construction of quantum circuits to simulate Hamiltonian evolution is central to many quantum algorithms. State-of-the-art circuits are based on oracles whose implementation is often omitted, and the complexity of the algorithm is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Boris Arseniev , Dmitry Guskov , Richik Sengupta , Jacob Biamonte , Igor Zacharov

Random quantum circuits have played a central role in establishing the computational advantages of near-term quantum computers over their conventional counterparts. Here, we use ensembles of low-depth random circuits with local connectivity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Michael J. Gullans , Stefan Krastanov , David A. Huse , Liang Jiang , Steven T. Flammia

We introduce an approach for estimating the expectation values of arbitrary $n$-qubit matrices $M \in \mathbb{C}^{2^n\times 2^n}$ on a quantum computer. In contrast to conventional methods like the Pauli decomposition that utilize $4^n$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Dingjie Lu , Yangfan Li , Dax Enshan Koh , Zhao Wang , Jun Liu , Zhuangjian Liu

We introduce a novel software-oriented model of quantum computation motivated by the practical constraints of near-term quantum hardware. In this model, gates are specified by constraints expressed in terms of Pauli observables, with each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 James R. Wootton , Merlin Incerti-Medici , Daniel Bultrini , Pierre Fromholz

Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

We introduce an algorithm to compute Hamiltonian dynamics on digital quantum computers that requires only a finite circuit depth to reach an arbitrary precision, i.e. achieves zero discretization error with finite depth. This finite number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Etienne Granet , Henrik Dreyer

Multi-controlled Pauli gates are typical high-level qubit operations that appear in the quantum circuits of various quantum algorithms. We find multi-controlled Pauli gate decompositions with smaller CNOT-count or $T$-depth while keeping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 Ken M. Nakanishi , Synge Todo

Near term quantum computers with a high quantity (around 50) and quality (around 0.995 fidelity for two-qubit gates) of qubits will approximately sample from certain probability distributions beyond the capabilities of known classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-23 Sergio Boixo , Sergei V. Isakov , Vadim N. Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven

We develop classical simulation algorithms for adaptive quantum circuits that produce states with low levels of ``magic'' (i.e., non-stabilizerness). These algorithms are particularly well-suited to circuits with high rates of Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Kemal Aziz , Haining Pan , Michael J. Gullans , J. H. Pixley

We present a quantum process-tomography protocol based on a low-degree ansatz for the quantum channel, i.e. when it can be expressed as a fixed-degree polynomial in terms of Pauli operators. We demonstrate how to perform tomography of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Marianna Crupi , J. Ignacio Cirac , Flavio Baccari

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang

Quantum algorithms for electronic-structure simulations are actively being developed, yet many hybrid quantum-classical approaches are bottlenecked by the measurement overhead associated with large molecular Hamiltonians. Here we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Benjamin Mokhtar , Noboru Inoue , Takashi Tsuchimochi

In quantum computing, the efficient optimization of Pauli string decompositions is a crucial aspect for the compilation of quantum circuits for many applications, such as chemistry simulations and quantum machine learning. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Qunsheng Huang , David Winderl , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

Quantum computers can efficiently simulate Lindbladian dynamics, enabling powerful applications in open system simulation, thermal and ground-state preparation, autonomous quantum error correction, dissipative engineering, and more. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Wenjun Yu , Xiaogang Li , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan

Discretizing Helmholtz problems via finite elements yields linear systems whose efficient solution remains a major challenge for classical computation. In this paper, we investigate how variational quantum algorithms could address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Arnaud Rémi , François Damanet , Christophe Geuzaine