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Deep Neural Networks can generalize despite being significantly overparametrized. Recent research has tried to examine this phenomenon from various view points and to provide bounds on the generalization error or measures predictive of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Parth Natekar , Manik Sharma

Existing generalization measures that aim to capture a model's simplicity based on parameter counts or norms fail to explain generalization in overparameterized deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a new, theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Lorenz Kuhn , Clare Lyle , Aidan N. Gomez , Jonas Rothfuss , Yarin Gal

We present a novel approach for training deep neural networks in a Bayesian way. Classical, i.e. non-Bayesian, deep learning has two major drawbacks both originating from the fact that network parameters are considered to be deterministic.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-11 Konstantin Posch , Jan Steinbrener , Jürgen Pilz

The inability of artificial neural networks to assess the uncertainty of their predictions is an impediment to their widespread use. We distinguish two types of learnable uncertainty: model uncertainty due to a lack of training data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Hans Weytjens , Jochen De Weerdt

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik

Nondeterminism in neural network optimization produces uncertainty in performance, making small improvements difficult to discern from run-to-run variability. While uncertainty can be reduced by training multiple model copies, doing so is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen

When several models have similar training scores, classical model selection heuristics follow Occam's razor and advise choosing the ones with least capacity. Yet, modern practice with large neural networks has often led to situations where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Luis Sa-Couto , Jose Miguel Ramos , Andreas Wichert

Deep Bayesian neural network has aroused a great attention in recent years since it combines the benefits of deep neural network and probability theory. Because of this, the network can make predictions and quantify the uncertainty of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Yikuan Li , Yajie Zhu

Understanding generalization in deep neural networks is an active area of research. A promising avenue of exploration has been that of margin measurements: the shortest distance to the decision boundary for a given sample or that sample's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Coenraad Mouton

This work investigates the detection of instabilities that may occur when utilizing deep learning models for image reconstruction tasks. Although neural networks often empirically outperform traditional reconstruction methods, their usage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-31 Jan Macdonald , Maximilian März , Luis Oala , Wojciech Samek

Notable progress has been made in numerous fields of machine learning based on neural network-driven mutual information (MI) bounds. However, utilizing the conventional MI-based losses is often challenging due to their practical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Kwanghee Choi , Siyeong Lee

Algorithmic stability is an established tool for analyzing generalization. While adversarial training enhances model robustness, it often suffers from robust overfitting and an enlarged generalization gap. Although recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Hesam Hosseini , Ying Cao , Ali H. Sayed

Generalization error (also known as the out-of-sample error) measures how well the hypothesis learned from training data generalizes to previously unseen data. Proving tight generalization error bounds is a central question in statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jian Li , Xuanyuan Luo , Mingda Qiao

This paper studies how neural network architecture affects the speed of training. We introduce a simple concept called gradient confusion to help formally analyze this. When gradient confusion is high, stochastic gradients produced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Karthik A. Sankararaman , Soham De , Zheng Xu , W. Ronny Huang , Tom Goldstein

Given two networks with the same training loss on a dataset, when would they have drastically different test losses and errors? Better understanding of this question of generalization may improve practical applications of deep networks. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Qianli Liao , Brando Miranda , Andrzej Banburski , Jack Hidary , Tomaso Poggio

Approaches based on deep neural networks have achieved striking performance when testing data and training data share similar distribution, but can significantly fail otherwise. Therefore, eliminating the impact of distribution shifts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Xingxuan Zhang , Peng Cui , Renzhe Xu , Linjun Zhou , Yue He , Zheyan Shen

Despite the popularity and success of deep learning, there is limited understanding of when, how, and why neural networks generalize to unseen examples. Since learning can be seen as extracting information from data, we formally study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Hrayr Harutyunyan

Traditional analyses of gradient descent optimization show that, when the largest eigenvalue of the loss Hessian - often referred to as the sharpness - is below a critical learning-rate threshold, then training is 'stable' and training loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Lawrence Wang , Stephen J. Roberts

Deep neural networks have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of vision-based tasks, particularly due to the availability of large-scale datasets for training and better architectures. However, data seen in the real world are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Muhammad Usama , Dong Eui Chang

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan