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We study weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ), which quantizes the weights of a large language model (LLM) without retraining, using little or no calibration data. Weight-only PTQ is crucial for reducing the memory footprint and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Deokjae Lee , Hyun Oh Song

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

We propose Quantum-informed Tensor Adaptation (QuanTA), a novel, easy-to-implement, fine-tuning method with no inference overhead for large-scale pre-trained language models. By leveraging quantum-inspired methods derived from quantum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhuo Chen , Rumen Dangovski , Charlotte Loh , Owen Dugan , Di Luo , Marin Soljačić

Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for improving the memory and computational efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Though the trade-off between performance and efficiency is well-known, there is still much to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Language model pre-training based on large corpora has achieved tremendous success in terms of constructing enriched contextual representations and has led to significant performance gains on a diverse range of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Weidong Guo , Mingjun Zhao , Lusheng Zhang , Di Niu , Jinwen Luo , Zhenhua Liu , Zhenyang Li , Jianbo Tang

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models such as BERT and GPT, have shown great improvement in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models contain a large amount of parameters. The emergence of even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ofir Zafrir , Guy Boudoukh , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat

Rotation-based Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating activation outliers in the quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs). Global rotation methods achieve inference efficiency by fusing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Suyoung Kim , Sunghyun Wee , Hyeonjin Kim , Kyomin Hwang , Hyunho Lee , Nojun Kwak

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are known to be overly parameterized and have significant redundancy, indicating a small degree of freedom of the PLMs. Motivated by the observation, in this paper, we study the problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Zhong Zhang , Bang Liu , Junming Shao

We propose pre-finetuning, an additional large-scale learning stage between language model pre-training and fine-tuning. Pre-finetuning is massively multi-task learning (around 50 datasets, over 4.8 million total labeled examples), and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Armen Aghajanyan , Anchit Gupta , Akshat Shrivastava , Xilun Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sonal Gupta

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks significantly, but finetuning PLMs on low-resource datasets poses significant challenges such as instability and overfitting. Previous methods tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Ashish Somayajula , Youwei Liang , Abhishek Singh , Li Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) encode extensive world knowledge through pre-training on massive datasets, which can then be fine-tuned for the question-answering (QA) task. However, effective strategies for fine-tuning LLMs for the QA task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Prompt learning is a new paradigm in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field which has shown impressive performance on a number of natural language tasks with common benchmarking text datasets in full, few-shot, and zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Niall Taylor , Yi Zhang , Dan Joyce , Alejo Nevado-Holgado , Andrey Kormilitzin

Recently the prompt-tuning paradigm has attracted significant attention. By only tuning continuous prompts with a frozen pre-trained language model (PLM), prompt-tuning takes a step towards deploying a shared frozen PLM to serve numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Shengnan An , Yifei Li , Zeqi Lin , Qian Liu , Bei Chen , Qiang Fu , Weizhu Chen , Nanning Zheng , Jian-Guang Lou

We propose a novel task-agnostic in-domain pre-training method that sits between generic pre-training and fine-tuning. Our approach selectively masks in-domain keywords, i.e., words that provide a compact representation of the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Shahriar Golchin , Mihai Surdeanu , Nazgol Tavabi , Ata Kiapour

Vector Quantization (VQ) has become the cornerstone of tokenization for many multimodal Large Language Models and diffusion synthesis. However, existing VQ paradigms suffer from a fundamental conflict: they enforce discretization before the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

Pretrained language models (PLMs) display impressive performances and have captured the attention of the NLP community. Establishing best practices in pretraining has, therefore, become a major focus of NLP research, especially since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Timothee Mickus , Vincent Segonne , Jörg Tiedemann

Large pretrained language models (PLMs) are often domain- or task-adapted via fine-tuning or prompting. Finetuning requires modifying all of the parameters and having enough data to avoid overfitting while prompting requires no training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Zejiang Hou , Julian Salazar , George Polovets