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We present a novel framework for PDE-constrained $r$-adaptivity of high-order meshes. The proposed method formulates mesh movement as an optimization problem, with an objective function defined as a convex combination of a mesh quality…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Tzanio Kolev , Boyan Lazarov , Ketan Mittal , Mathias Schmidt , Vladimir Tomov

Segmentation of microscopy images constitutes an ill-posed inverse problem due to measurement noise, weak object boundaries, and limited labeled data. Although deep neural networks provide flexible nonparametric estimators, unconstrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Seema K. Poudel , Sunny K. Khadka

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Embedding nonlinear dynamical systems into artificial neural networks is a powerful new formalism for machine learning. By parameterizing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as neural network layers, these Neural ODEs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Mikko Lehtimäki , Lassi Paunonen , Marja-Leena Linne

Designing universal artificial intelligence (AI) solver for partial differential equations (PDEs) is an open-ended problem and a significant challenge in science and engineering. Currently, data-driven solvers have achieved great success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qinglong Ma , Peizhi Zhao , Sen Wang , Tao Song

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) offer a principled approach to solving challenging partial differential equations (PDE) such as turbulent flows. At the core of FNO is a spectral layer that leverages a discretization-convergent representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Robert Joseph George , Jiawei Zhao , Jean Kossaifi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar

Physics-informed neural operators offer a powerful framework for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining data and physics losses. However, these physics losses rely on derivatives. Computing these…

The finite element method (FEM) is a well-established numerical method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, its mesh-based nature gives rise to substantial computational costs, especially for complex multiscale…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Weihang Ouyang , Yeonjong Shin , Si-Wei Liu , Lu Lu

The computational overhead of traditional numerical solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a critical bottleneck for large-scale parametric studies and design optimization. We introduce a Minimal-Data Parametric Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qiyun Cheng , Md Hossain Sahadath , Huihua Yang , Shaowu Pan , Wei Ji

We propose and analyze a numerical algorithm for solving a class of optimal control problems for learning-informed semilinear partial differential equations. The latter is a class of PDEs with constituents that are in principle unknown and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-17 Guozhi Dong , Michael Hintermüller , Kostas Papafitsoros

Mixed-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) are characterized by coupled operators defined on domains of varying dimensions and pose significant computational challenges due to their inherent ill-conditioning. Moreover, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Nunzio Dimola , Nicola Rares Franco , Paolo Zunino

Machine learning algorithms have been successfully used to approximate nonlinear maps under weak assumptions on the structure and properties of the maps. We present deep neural networks using dense and convolutional layers to solve an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-05 Johann Rudi , Julie Bessac , Amanda Lenzi

Numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) require expensive simulations, limiting their application in design optimization, model-based control, and large-scale inverse problems. Surrogate modeling techniques seek to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 James Duvall , Karthik Duraisamy , Shaowu Pan

We explore using neural operators, or neural network representations of nonlinear maps between function spaces, to accelerate infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs) with models governed by nonlinear parametric partial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Lianghao Cao , Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Prashant K. Jha , J. Tinsley Oden , Omar Ghattas

Unlike conventional grid and mesh based methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), neural networks have the potential to break the curse of dimensionality, providing approximate solutions to problems where using classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Marc Finzi , Andres Potapczynski , Matthew Choptuik , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Identifying parameters in partial differential equations (PDEs) represents a very broad class of applied inverse problems. In recent years, several unsupervised learning approaches using (deep) neural networks have been developed to solve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Siyu Cen , Bangti Jin , Qimeng Quan , Zhi Zhou

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are an emerging class of deep learning models for dynamical systems. They are particularly useful for learning an ODE vector field from observed trajectories (i.e., inverse problems). We here…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Katharina Ott , Michael Tiemann , Philipp Hennig

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

When solving time-dependent partial differential equations(PDEs), traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have inherent limitations: due to the lack of temporal causality, the network is forced to learn the later-time control…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Xun Yang , Guanqiu Ma , Maohua Ran

This work introduces and rigorously analyzes a novel operator-splitting finite element scheme for approximating viscosity solutions of a broad class of constrained second-order partial differential equations. By decoupling the primary PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Po-Yi Wu