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A generative AI model can generate extremely realistic-looking content, posing growing challenges to the authenticity of information. To address the challenges, watermark has been leveraged to detect AI-generated content. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

This paper presents a robust and transparent scheme of watermarking that exploits the human visual systems' sensitivity to frequency, along with local image characteristics obtained from the spatial domain. The underlying idea is generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Arvind Parthasarathy

Invisible image watermarking is essential for image copyright protection. Compared to RGB images, RAW format images use a higher dynamic range to capture the radiometric characteristics of the camera sensor, providing greater flexibility in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Kang Fu , Xiaohong Liu , Jun Jia , Zicheng Zhang , Yicong Peng , Jia Wang , Guangtao Zhai

Rapid advancements in multimodal large language models have enabled the creation of hyper-realistic images from textual descriptions. However, these advancements also raise significant concerns about unauthorized use, which hinders their…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yongyang Pan , Xiaohong Liu , Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Xiao Guo , Xiaoming Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) distinguishes wireless devices by the small variations in their analog circuits, avoiding heavy cryptographic authentication. While deep learning on spectrograms improves accuracy, models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Aarushi Mahajan , Wayne Burleson

Diffusion models have advanced rapidly in recent years, producing high-fidelity images while raising concerns about intellectual property protection and the misuse of generative AI. Image watermarking for diffusion models, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jindong Yang , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

Unsupervised visual object tracking is a challenging task that requires following arbitrary targets in videos without training on ground-truth annotations. Despite considerable progress, existing state-of-the-art unsupervised trackers often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhengbo Zhang , Zhigang Tu , Junsong Yuan , De Wen Soh , Bo Du

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

Diffusion Models (DMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various image-generation tasks. However, there are growing concerns that DMs could be used to imitate unauthorized creations and thus raise copyright issues. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Peifei Zhu , Tsubasa Takahashi , Hirokatsu Kataoka

Diffusion-based speech generation has achieved remarkable fidelity, increasing the risk of misuse and unauthorized redistribution. However, most existing generative speech watermarking methods are developed for GAN-based pipelines, and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yue Li , Weizhi Liu , Kaiqing Lin , Dongdong Lin , Kassem Kallas

Intellectual property protection of deep neural networks is receiving attention from more and more researchers, and the latest research applies model watermarking to generative models for image processing. However, the existing watermarking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Li Zhang , Yong Liu , Shaoteng Liu , Tianshu Yang , Yexin Wang , Xinpeng Zhang , Hanzhou Wu

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

AI watermarking embeds invisible signals within images to provide provenance information and identify content as AI-generated. In this paper, we introduce MarkSweep, a novel watermark removal attack that effectively erases the embedded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jie Cao , Zelin Zhang , Qi Li , Jianbing Ni

Recent advancements in diffusion-based image editing pose a significant threat to the authenticity of digital visual content. Traditional embedding-based watermarking methods often introduce perceptible perturbations to maintain robustness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Pengzhen Chen , Yanwei Liu , Xiaoyan Gu , Xiaojun Chen , Wu Liu , Weiping Wang

Integrating watermarks into generative images is a critical strategy for protecting intellectual property and enhancing artificial intelligence security. This paper proposes Plug-in Generative Watermarking (PiGW) as a general framework for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rui Ma , Mengxi Guo , Li Yuming , Hengyuan Zhang , Cong Ma , Yuan Li , Xiaodong Xie , Shanghang Zhang

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

Watermarking is crucial for protecting the copyright of AI-generated images. We propose WMAdapter, a diffusion model watermark plugin that takes user-specified watermark information and allows for seamless watermark imprinting during the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Hai Ci , Yiren Song , Pei Yang , Jinheng Xie , Mike Zheng Shou

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

In this study, we investigate the vulnerability of image watermarks to diffusion-model-based image editing, a challenge exacerbated by the computational cost of accessing gradient information and the closed-source nature of many diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Minzhou Pan , Yi Zeng , Xue Lin , Ning Yu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Peter Henderson , Ruoxi Jia

Generative AI raises many societal concerns such as boosting disinformation and propaganda campaigns. Watermarking AI-generated content is a key technology to address these concerns and has been widely deployed in industry. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong