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By a tensor we mean an element of a tensor product of vector spaces over a field. Up to a choice of bases in factors of tensor products, every tensor may be coordinatized, that is, represented as an array consisting of numbers. This note is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-11 R. N. Gumerov , A. S. Sharafutdinov

In [13], Hillar and Lim famously demonstrated that "multilinear (tensor) analogues of many efficiently computable problems in numerical linear algebra are NP-hard". Despite many recent advancements, the state-of-the-art methods for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Bo Jiang , Fan Yang , Shuzhong Zhang

A tensor is a multi-way array that can represent, in addition to a data set, the expression of a joint law or a multivariate function. As such it contains the description of the interactions between the variables corresponding to each of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Alain Franc

Low-rank tensors appear to be prosperous in many applications. However, the sets of bounded-rank tensors are non-smooth and non-convex algebraic varieties, rendering the low-rank optimization problems to be challenging. To this end, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Bin Gao , Renfeng Peng , Ya-xiang Yuan

We introduce the concise secant varieties, which are, informally speaking, modular partial desingularisations of secant varieties to Segre embeddings. More precisely, they are projective and birational to the abstract secant varieties, yet…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Jakub Jagiełła , Joachim Jelisiejew

The strength of a multivariate homogeneous polynomial is the minimal number of terms in an expression as a sum of products of lower-degree homogeneous polynomials. Partition rank is the analogue for multilinear forms. Both ranks can drop…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Amichai Lampert , Tamar Ziegler

In this paper, we give a survey of the known results concerning the tensor rank of the multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields, enriched with some not published recent results as well as analyzes enhancing the qualitative…

The real rank two locus of an algebraic variety is the closure of the union of all secant lines spanned by real points. We seek a semi-algebraic description of this set. Its algebraic boundary consists of the tangential variety and the edge…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-04-07 Anna Seigal , Bernd Sturmfels

Kruskal's theorem states that a sum of product tensors constitutes a unique tensor rank decomposition if the so-called k-ranks of the product tensors are large. We prove a "splitting theorem" for sets of product tensors, in which the k-rank…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Benjamin Lovitz , Fedor Petrov

The main contribution of this note is to establish a framework to extend results of tensor functions over specific field to general field. As a consequence of this framework, we extend the existing work to more general settings: \emph{(1)}…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Qiyuan Chen

In many cases (e.g. for many Segre or Segre embeddings of multiprojective spaces) we prove that a hypersurface of the $b$-secant variety of $X\subset \mathbb {P}^r$ has $X$-rank $>b$. We prove it proving that the $X$-rank of a general point…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Edoardo Ballico

Though algebraic geometry over $\mathbb C$ is often used to describe the closure of the tensors of a given size and complex rank, this variety includes tensors of both smaller and larger rank. Here we focus on the $n\times n\times n$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-11-16 Elizabeth S. Allman , Peter D. Jarvis , John A. Rhodes , Jeremy G. Sumner

We give a sufficient criterion for a lower bound of the cactus rank of a tensor. Then we refine that criterion in order to be able to give an explicit sufficient condition for a non-redundant decomposition of a tensor to be minimal and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-08 Edoardo Ballico , Alessandra Bernardi , Luca Chiantini , Elena Guardo

Let $d \ge 2, h \ge 1$ be integers. Using a fragmentation technique, we characterise $(h+1)$-tuples $(R_1, \dots, R_h, R)$ of non-empty families of partitions of $\{1, \dots, d\}$ such that it suffices for an order-$d$ tensor to have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-18 Thomas Karam

We show that an infinite residually finite boundedly generated group has an infinite chain of finite index subgroups with ranks uniformly bounded, and give (sublinear) upper bounds on the ranks of arbitrary finite index subgroups of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Mark Shusterman

Given a tract $F$ in the sense of Baker and Bowler and a matrix $A$ with entries in $F$, we define several notions of rank for $A$. In this way, we are able to unify and find conceptually satisfying proofs for various results about ranks of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Matthew Baker , Noah Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

We study algebraic aspects of generalized Legendrian racks, which are nonassociative structures based on the Legendrian Reidemeister moves. We answer an open question characterizing the group of GL-structures on a given rack. As…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Luc Ta

This educational article highlights the geometric and algebraic complexities that distinguish tensors from matrices, to supplement coverage in advanced courses on linear algebra, matrix analysis, and tensor decompositions. Using the case of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Gabriel H. Brown , Joe Kileel , Tamara G. Kolda

Motivated by problems in algebraic complexity theory (e.g., matrix multiplication) and extremal combinatorics (e.g., the cap set problem and the sunflower problem), we introduce the geometric rank as a new tool in the study of tensors and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Swastik Kopparty , Guy Moshkovitz , Jeroen Zuiddam

The tensor rank decomposition is a useful tool for the geometric interpretation of the tensors in the canonical tensor model (CTM) of quantum gravity. In order to understand the stability of this interpretation, it is important to be able…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-22 Dennis Obster , Naoki Sasakura