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Related papers: Reliable Off-Policy Learning for Dosage Combinatio…

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We propose the first boosting algorithm for off-policy learning from logged bandit feedback. Unlike existing boosting methods for supervised learning, our algorithm directly optimizes an estimate of the policy's expected reward. We analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Ben London , Levi Lu , Ted Sandler , Thorsten Joachims

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) tailors treatments to a patient's specific characteristics. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect the treatment effect heterogeneity needed for reliable ITR…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Yuan Bian , Donglin Zeng , Hyun-Joon Yang , Leanne M. Williams , Yuanjia Wang

Training agents via off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large memory, named replay memory, that stores past experiences used for learning. These experiences are sampled, uniformly or non-uniformly, to create the batches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Bumgeun Park , Taeyoung Kim , Woohyeon Moon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Dongsoo Har

Clinical decision-making often involves selecting tests that are costly, invasive, or time-consuming, motivating individualized, sequential strategies for what to measure and when to stop ascertaining. We study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Doudou Zhou , Yiran Zhang , Dian Jin , Yingye Zheng , Lu Tian , Tianxi Cai

Policy gradient methods are powerful reinforcement learning algorithms and have been demonstrated to solve many complex tasks. However, these methods are also data-inefficient, afflicted with high variance gradient estimates, and frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Andreas Doerr , Michael Volpp , Marc Toussaint , Sebastian Trimpe , Christian Daniel

The molecular characterization of tumor samples by multiple omics data sets of different types or modalities (e.g. gene expression, mutation, CpG methylation) has become an invaluable source of information for assessing the expected…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-26 The Tien Mai , Leiv Rønneberg , Zhi Zhao , Manuela Zucknick , Jukka Corander

Opioid overdose rates have reached an epidemic level and state-level policy innovations have followed suit in an effort to prevent overdose deaths. State-level drug law is a set of policies that may reinforce or undermine each other, and…

Applications · Statistics 2020-10-07 Jarrod Olson , Po-Hsu Allen Chen , Marissa White , Nicole Brennan , Ning Gong

Improving the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning algorithms requires effective exploration. Following the principle of $\textit{optimism in the face of uncertainty}$ (OFU), we train a separate exploration policy to maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Jiachen Li , Shuo Cheng , Zhenyu Liao , Huayan Wang , William Yang Wang , Qinxun Bai

The effects of molecularly targeted drug perturbations on cellular activities and fates are difficult to predict using intuition alone because of the complex behaviors of cellular regulatory networks. An approach to overcoming this problem…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Afroza Shirin , Isaac Klickstein , Song Feng , Yen Ting Lin , William S. Hlavacek , Francesco Sorrentino

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

Deep learning-based approaches for generating novel drug molecules with specific properties have gained a lot of interest in the last few years. Recent studies have demonstrated promising performance for string-based generation of novel…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-18 Hampus Gummesson Svensson , Christian Tyrchan , Ola Engkvist , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

The performance of reinforcement learning depends upon designing an appropriate action space, where the effect of each action is measurable, yet, granular enough to permit flexible behavior. So far, this process involved non-trivial user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Edoardo Cetin , Oya Celiktutan

Designing off-policy reinforcement learning algorithms is typically a very challenging task, because a desirable iteration update often involves an expectation over an on-policy distribution. Prior off-policy actor-critic (AC) algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Tengyu Xu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Yingbin Liang

Data-driven individualized decision making has recently received increasing research interests. Most existing methods rely on the assumption of no unmeasured confounding, which unfortunately cannot be ensured in practice especially in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Zhengling Qi , Rui Miao , Xiaoke Zhang

Public policies and medical interventions often involve dynamic treatment assignments, in which individuals receive a sequence of interventions over multiple stages. We study the statistical learning of optimal dynamic treatment regimes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-21 Shosei Sakaguchi

In this study we performed a feasibility investigation on implementing a fast and accurate dose calculation based on a deep learning technique. A two dimensional (2D) fluence map was first converted into a three dimensional (3D) volume…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Jiawei Fan , Lei Xing , Peng Dong , Jiazhou Wang , Weigang Hu , Yong Yang

Purpose: We propose a general framework for quantifying predictive uncertainties of dose-related quantities and leveraging this information in a dose mimicking problem in the context of automated radiation therapy treatment planning.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Tianfang Zhang , Rasmus Bokrantz , Jimmy Olsson

The choice of making an intervention depends on its potential benefit or harm in comparison to alternatives. Estimating the likely outcome of alternatives from observational data is a challenging problem as all outcomes are never observed,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-18 Yao Zhang , Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

Optimal treatment rules can improve health outcomes on average by assigning a treatment associated with the most desirable outcome to each individual. Due to an unknown data generation mechanism, it is appealing to use flexible models to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Lingjie Shen , Gijs Geleijnse , Maurits Kaptein

Many reinforcement learning applications involve the use of data that is sensitive, such as medical records of patients or financial information. However, most current reinforcement learning methods can leak information contained within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Tengyang Xie , Philip S. Thomas , Gerome Miklau