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Annotating data for multi-label classification is prohibitively expensive because every category of interest must be confirmed to be present or absent. Recent work on single positive multi-label (SPML) learning shows that it is possible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Julio Arroyo , Pietro Perona , Elijah Cole

It is common practice in text classification to only use one majority label for model training even if a dataset has been annotated by multiple annotators. Doing so can remove valuable nuances and diverse perspectives inherent in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jin Xu , Mariët Theune , Daniel Braun

Partial Multi-label Learning (PML) is a type of weakly supervised learning where each training instance corresponds to a set of candidate labels, among which only some are true. In this paper, we introduce \our{}, a novel probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Łukasz Struski , Adam Pardyl , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Transfer learning from large-scale pre-trained models has become essential for many computer vision tasks. Recent studies have shown that datasets like ImageNet are weakly labeled since images with multiple object classes present are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Sai Rajeswar , Pau Rodriguez , Soumye Singhal , David Vazquez , Aaron Courville

In this paper we describe our work towards building a generic framework for both multi-modal embedding and multi-label binary classification tasks, while participating in task 5 (Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification) of SemEval 2022…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ahmed Mahran , Carlo Alessandro Borella , Konstantinos Perifanos

Cyberbullying on social media is inherently multilingual and multi-faceted, where abusive behaviors often overlap across multiple categories. Existing methods are commonly limited by monolingual assumptions or single-task formulations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zixin Feng , Xinying Cui , Yifan Sun , Zheng Wei , Jiachen Yuan , Jiazhen Hu , Ning Xin , Md Maruf Hasan

Multi-label classification studies the task where each example belongs to multiple labels simultaneously. As a representative method, Ranking Support Vector Machine (Rank-SVM) aims to minimize the Ranking Loss and can also mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Guoqiang Wu , Ruobing Zheng , Yingjie Tian , Dalian Liu

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Islam Nassar , Samitha Herath , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari

Multi-label classification is prevalent in real-world settings, but the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) in this setting is understudied. We investigate how autoregressive LLMs perform multi-label classification, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Marcus Ma , Georgios Chochlakis , Niyantha Maruthu Pandiyan , Jesse Thomason , Shrikanth Narayanan

Multi-step reasoning improves the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) but increases the risk of errors propagating through intermediate steps. Process reward models (PRMs) mitigate this by scoring each step individually, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Corentin Royer , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Gaetano Rossiello , Andrea Giovannini , Mennatallah El-Assady

Real-world datasets often exhibit class imbalance across multiple categories, manifesting as long-tailed distributions and few-shot scenarios. This is especially challenging in Class-Imbalanced Multi-Label Image Classification (CI-MLIC)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sheng Huang , Jiexuan Yan , Beiyan Liu , Bo Liu , Richang Hong

This paper describes my submission to the Polarization Shared Task at SemEval-2025, which addresses polarization detection and classification in social media text. I develop Transformer-based systems for English and Swahili across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Abass Oguntade

Multi-label classification is a common challenge in various machine learning applications, where a single data instance can be associated with multiple classes simultaneously. The current paper proposes a novel tree-based method for…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-01 Chhavi Tyagi , Wenge Guo

This paper presents our system for SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization, which identifies polarized social media content in 22 languages through three subtasks: binary detection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Fengze Guo , Yue Chang

This paper describes our approach for SemEval-2023 Task 3: Detecting the category, the framing, and the persuasion techniques in online news in a multi-lingual setup. For Subtask 1 (News Genre), we propose an ensemble of fully trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Ben Wu , Olesya Razuvayevskaya , Freddy Heppell , João A. Leite , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

In multi-label classification, each example in a dataset may be annotated as belonging to one or more classes (or none of the classes). Example applications include image (or document) tagging where each possible tag either applies to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Aditya Thyagarajan , Elías Snorrason , Curtis Northcutt , Jonas Mueller

The paper proposes a novel multi-class Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) problem called Learning from Majority Label (LML). In LML, the majority class of instances in a bag is assigned as the bag-level label. The goal of LML is to train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shiku Kaito , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Partial multi-label learning (PML), which tackles the problem of learning multi-label prediction models from instances with overcomplete noisy annotations, has recently started gaining attention from the research community. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Yan Yan , Yuhong Guo

Text-embedded images can serve as a means of spreading hate speech, propaganda, and extremist beliefs. Throughout the Russia-Ukraine war, both opposing factions heavily relied on text-embedded images as a vehicle for spreading propaganda…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Umitcan Sahin , Izzet Emre Kucukkaya , Oguzhan Ozcelik , Cagri Toraman