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Second-order optimization has been developed to accelerate the training of deep neural networks and it is being applied to increasingly larger-scale models. In this study, towards training on further larger scales, we identify a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Satoki Ishikawa , Ryo Karakida

First-order optimization methods remain the standard for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Optimizers like Adam incorporate limited curvature information by preconditioning the stochastic gradient with a diagonal matrix. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Damien Martins Gomes

Second-order optimization methods such as natural gradient descent have the potential to speed up training of neural networks by correcting for the curvature of the loss function. Unfortunately, the exact natural gradient is impractical to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-25 Roger Grosse , James Martens

Kronecker-factored approximate curvature (KFAC) is arguably one of the most prominent curvature approximations in deep learning. Its applications range from optimization to Bayesian deep learning, training data attribution with influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Felix Dangel , Bálint Mucsányi , Tobias Weber , Runa Eschenhagen

Several studies have shown the ability of natural gradient descent to minimize the objective function more efficiently than ordinary gradient descent based methods. However, the bottleneck of this approach for training deep neural networks…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Abdoulaye Koroko , Ani Anciaux-Sedrakian , Ibtihel Ben Gharbia , Valérie Garès , Mounir Haddou , Quang Huy Tran

Second-order methods such as KFAC can be useful for neural net training. However, they are often memory-inefficient since their preconditioning Kronecker factors are dense, and numerically unstable in low precision as they require matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Wu Lin , Felix Dangel , Runa Eschenhagen , Kirill Neklyudov , Agustinus Kristiadi , Richard E. Turner , Alireza Makhzani

Second-order optimizers, maintaining a matrix termed a preconditioner, are superior to first-order optimizers in both theory and practice. The states forming the preconditioner and its inverse root restrict the maximum size of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Sike Wang , Pan Zhou , Jia Li , Hua Huang

First-order optimization methods are currently the mainstream in training deep neural networks (DNNs). Optimizers like Adam incorporate limited curvature information by employing the diagonal matrix preconditioning of the stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Damien Martins Gomes , Yanlei Zhang , Eugene Belilovsky , Guy Wolf , Mahdi S. Hosseini

Second-order optimization methods offer notable advantages in training deep neural networks by utilizing curvature information to achieve faster convergence. However, traditional second-order techniques are computationally prohibitive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 James Vo

The second-order optimization methods, notably the D-KFAC (Distributed Kronecker Factored Approximate Curvature) algorithms, have gained traction on accelerating deep neural network (DNN) training on GPU clusters. However, existing D-KFAC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Wei Wang , Bo Li

Adaptive gradient methods like Adagrad and its variants are widespread in large-scale optimization. However, their use of diagonal preconditioning matrices limits the ability to capture parameter correlations. Full-matrix adaptive methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Tatyana Matveeva , Aleksandr Katrutsa , Evgeny Frolov

This work proposes a Momentum-Enabled Kronecker-Factor-Based Optimizer Using Rank-1 updates, called MKOR, that improves the training time and convergence properties of deep neural networks (DNNs). Second-order techniques, while enjoying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Mohammad Mozaffari , Sikan Li , Zhao Zhang , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Large-scale distributed training of deep neural networks suffer from the generalization gap caused by the increase in the effective mini-batch size. Previous approaches try to solve this problem by varying the learning rate and batch size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Kazuki Osawa , Yohei Tsuji , Yuichiro Ueno , Akira Naruse , Rio Yokota , Satoshi Matsuoka

Distributed training with synchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on GPU clusters has been widely used to accelerate the training process of deep models. However, SGD only utilizes the first-order gradient in model parameter updates,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Shaohuai Shi , Lin Zhang , Bo Li

Despite the predominant use of first-order methods for training deep learning models, second-order methods, and in particular, natural gradient methods, remain of interest because of their potential for accelerating training through the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Yi Ren , Donald Goldfarb

We study the matrix-variate regression problem $Y_i = \sum_{k} \beta_{1k} X_i \beta_{2k}^{\top} + E_i$ for $i=1,2\dots,n$ in the high dimensional regime wherein the response $Y_i$ are matrices whose dimensions $p_{1}\times p_{2}$ outgrow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-01 Yin-Jen Chen , Minh Tang

Second-order optimization methods, which leverage curvature information, offer faster and more stable convergence than first-order methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam. However, their practical adoption is hindered by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Saitao Zhang , Yubiao Luo , Shiqing Wang , Pushen Zuo , Yongxiang Li , Lunshuai Pan , Zheng Miao , Zhong Sun

In this paper, we introduce StochGradAdam, a novel optimizer designed as an extension of the Adam algorithm, incorporating stochastic gradient sampling techniques to improve computational efficiency while maintaining robust performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Juyoung Yun

This paper proposes a family of online second order methods for possibly non-convex stochastic optimizations based on the theory of preconditioned stochastic gradient descent (PSGD), which can be regarded as an enhance stochastic Newton…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-01 Xi-Lin Li

Optimizers that exploit the matrix structure of gradients are central to modern LLM pre-training, with two distinct frontiers: explicit Kronecker-factored preconditioning -- most recently KL-Shampoo, which estimates the preconditioner via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ruotong Sun , Ermin Wei