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During the pretraining phase, large language models (LLMs) acquire vast amounts of knowledge from extensive text corpora. Nevertheless, in later stages such as fine-tuning and inference, the model may encounter knowledge not covered in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bozhou Li , Hao Liang , Yang Li , Fangcheng Fu , Hongzhi Yin , Conghui He , Wentao Zhang

Recently, prompt tuning \cite{lester2021power} has gradually become a new paradigm for NLP, which only depends on the representation of the words by freezing the parameters of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to obtain remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Pan He , Yuxi Chen , Yan Wang , Yanru Zhang

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang

Pretrained language models (PLMs) trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus are typically fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which have produced state-of-the-art results on various NLP tasks. However, the data discrepancy issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jiali Zeng , Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Yongjing Yin , Mu Li

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated its effectiveness on various downstream NLP tasks recently. However, in many low-resource scenarios, the conventional fine-tuning strategies cannot sufficiently capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Yusheng Su , Xu Han , Yankai Lin , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Maosong Sun

With the continuous growth in the number of parameters of transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs), particularly the emergence of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters, many natural language processing (NLP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Lingling Xu , Haoran Xie , Si-Zhao Joe Qin , Xiaohui Tao , Fu Lee Wang

We propose a novel task-agnostic in-domain pre-training method that sits between generic pre-training and fine-tuning. Our approach selectively masks in-domain keywords, i.e., words that provide a compact representation of the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Shahriar Golchin , Mihai Surdeanu , Nazgol Tavabi , Ata Kiapour

Large, pre-trained representation models trained using self-supervised learning have gained popularity in various fields of machine learning because they are able to extract high-quality salient features from input data. As such, they have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Hejung Yang , Hong-Goo Kang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Saurabh Anand , Shubham Malaviya , Manish Shukla , Sachin Lodha

Parameter-efficient (PE) methods (like Prompts or Adapters) for adapting pre-trained language models (PLM) to downstream tasks have been popular recently. However, hindrances still prevent these methods from reaching their full potential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Shih-Cheng Huang , Shih-Heng Wang , Min-Han Shih , Saurav Sahay , Hung-yi Lee

Pre-trained models are nowadays a fundamental component of machine learning research. In continual learning, they are commonly used to initialize the model before training on the stream of non-stationary data. However, pre-training is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Andrea Cossu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Antonio Carta , Lucia Passaro , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Bacciu

The reusability of state-of-the-art Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) is often limited by their generalization problem, where their performance drastically decreases when evaluated on examples that differ from the training dataset, known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Somayeh Ghanbarzadeh , Hamid Palangi , Yan Huang , Radames Cruz Moreno , Hamed Khanpour

The development of large language models leads to the formation of a pre-train-then-align paradigm, in which the model is typically pre-trained on a large text corpus and undergoes a tuning stage to align the model with human preference or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiser Sun , Mark Dredze

Large Language Models are expressive tools that enable complex tasks of text understanding within Computational Social Science. Their versatility, while beneficial, poses a barrier for establishing standardized best practices within the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Anders Giovanni Møller , Luca Maria Aiello

This work suggests fundamentally rethinking the current practice of pruning large language models (LLMs). The way it is done is by divide and conquer: split the model into submodels, sequentially prune them, and reconstruct predictions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sungbin Shin , Wonpyo Park , Jaeho Lee , Namhoon Lee

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have proven to be a crucial component of modern natural language processing systems. PLMs typically need to be fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which makes it hard to claim the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Chenxi Gu , Chengsong Huang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their substantial model sizes often require substantial computational resources. To preserve computing resources and accelerate inference speed, it is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yirao Zhao , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing , Wenxuan Zhang

Consistency, which refers to the capability of generating the same predictions for semantically similar contexts, is a highly desirable property for a sound language understanding model. Although recent pretrained language models (PLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Myeongjun Jang , Deuk Sin Kwon , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) which are trained on large text corpus via self-supervised learning method, have yielded promising performance on various tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, though PLMs with huge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Linmei Hu , Zeyi Liu , Ziwang Zhao , Lei Hou , Liqiang Nie , Juanzi Li