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The signature of a parametric curve is a sequence of tensors whose entries are iterated integrals. This construction is central to the theory of rough paths in stochastic analysis. It is here examined through the lens of algebraic geometry.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-04 Carlos Améndola , Peter Friz , Bernd Sturmfels

We introduce the notions of tree-like path and tree-like equivalence between paths and prove that the latter is an equivalence relation for paths of finite length. We show that the equivalence classes form a group with some similarity to a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-05-06 Ben Hambly , Terry Lyons

The signature of a path is a sequence of tensors which allows to uniquely reconstruct the path. By employing the geometric theory of nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations, we find necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Francesco Galuppi , Giovanni Moreno , Pierpaola Santarsiero

The signature of a path is a non-commutative power series whose coefficients are given by certain iterated integrals over the path coordinates. This series almost uniquely characterizes the path up to translation and reparameterization.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Carlos Améndola , Angelo El Saliby , Felix Lotter , Oriol Reig Fité

We characterize the signature of piecewise continuously differentiable paths transformed by a polynomial map in terms of the signature of the original path. For this aim, we define recursively an algebra homomorphism between two shuffle…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-02-06 Laura Colmenarejo , Rosa Preiß

In the context of controlled differential equations, the signature is the exponential function on paths. B. Hambly and T. Lyons proved that the signature of a bounded variation path is trivial if and only if the path is tree-like. We extend…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-10-16 Horatio Boedihardjo , Xi Geng , Terry Lyons , Danyu Yang

We explain the algebra needed to make sense of the log signature of a path, with plenty of examples. We show how the log signature can be calculated numerically, and explain some software tools which demonstrate it.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Jeremy Reizenstein

The signature is a representation of a path as an infinite sequence of its iterated integrals. Under certain assumptions, the signature characterizes the path, up to translation and reparameterization. Therefore, a crucial question of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-20 Adeline Fermanian , Jiawei Chang , Terry Lyons , Gérard Biau

Recently it was proved that the group of rough paths modulo tree-like equivalence is isomorphic to the corresponding signature group through the signature map S (a generalized notion of taking iterated path integrals). However, the proof of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Xi Geng

In stochastic analysis, a standard method to study a path is to work with its signature. This is a sequence of tensors of different order that encode information of the path in a compact form. When the path varies, such signatures…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Laura Colmenarejo , Francesco Galuppi , Mateusz Michałek

The signature of a path is a sequence of tensors which allows to uniquely reconstruct the path. In this paper we propose a systematic study of basic properties of signature tensors, starting from their rank, symmetries and conciseness. We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Francesco Galuppi , Pierpaola Santarsiero

The signature transform, defined by the formal tensor series of global iterated path integrals, is a homomorphism between the path space and the tensor algebra that has been studied in geometry, control theory, number theory as well as…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Horatio Boedihardjo , Xi Geng

The aim of this article is to provide a simple sampling procedure to reconstruct any monotone path from its signature. For every N, we sample a lattice path of N steps with weights given by the coefficient of the corresponding word in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-15 Jiawei Chang , Nick Duffield , Hao Ni , Weijun Xu

The signature of a path is a sequence of tensors whose entries are iterated integrals, playing a key role in stochastic analysis and applications. The set of all signature tensors at a particular level gives rise to the universal signature…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Carlos Améndola , Francesco Galuppi , Ángel David Ríos Ortiz , Pierpaola Santarsiero , Tim Seynnaeve

Iterated-integral signatures and log signatures are vectors calculated from a path that characterise its shape. They come from the theory of differential equations driven by rough paths, and also have applications in statistics and machine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Jeremy Reizenstein , Benjamin Graham

Path signatures are powerful nonparametric tools for time series analysis, shown to form a universal and characteristic feature map for Euclidean valued time series data. We lift the theory of path signatures to the setting of Lie group…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Darrick Lee , Robert Ghrist

The signature of a path, introduced by K.T. Chen [5] in $1954$, has been extensively studied in recent years. The $2010$ paper [12] of Hambly and Lyons showed that the signature is injective on the space of continuous finite-variation paths…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-06-30 Thomas Cass , William F. Turner

We prove that a continuous path with finite length in a real Banach space cannot have infinitely many zero components in its signature unless it is tree-like. In particular, this allows us to strengthen a limit theorem for signature…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-12-24 Horatio Boedihardjo , Xi Geng

In this article we introduce the insertion method for reconstructing the path from its signature, i.e. inverting the signature of a path. For this purpose, we prove that a converging upper bound exists for the difference between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-22 Jiawei Chang , Terry Lyons

The signature of a $p$-weakly geometric rough path summarises a path up to a generalised notion of reparameterisation. The quotient space of equivalence classes on which the signature is constant yields unparameterised path space. The study…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Thomas Cass , William F. Turner
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