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Visual text evokes an image in a person's mind, while non-visual text fails to do so. A method to automatically detect visualness in text will enable text-to-image retrieval and generation models to augment text with relevant images. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gaurav Verma , Ryan A. Rossi , Christopher Tensmeyer , Jiuxiang Gu , Ani Nenkova

Although an object may appear in numerous contexts, we often describe it in a limited number of ways. Language allows us to abstract away visual variation to represent and communicate concepts. Building on this intuition, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Mohamed El Banani , Karan Desai , Justin Johnson

Counterfactual instances are a powerful tool to obtain valuable insights into automated decision processes, describing the necessary minimal changes in the input space to alter the prediction towards a desired target. Most previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Robert-Florian Samoilescu , Arnaud Van Looveren , Janis Klaise

In this paper, we tackle the problem of enhancing real-world low-light images with significant noise in an unsupervised fashion. Conventional unsupervised learning-based approaches usually tackle the low-light image enhancement problem…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-29 Wei Xiong , Ding Liu , Xiaohui Shen , Chen Fang , Jiebo Luo

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) help address the question: How can the factors that influence the prediction of a predictive model be changed to achieve a more favorable outcome from a user's perspective? Thus, they bear the potential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

This study investigates the robustness of image classifiers to text-guided corruptions. We utilize diffusion models to edit images to different domains. Unlike other works that use synthetic or hand-picked data for benchmarking, we use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Mohammadreza Mofayezi , Yasamin Medghalchi

We propose LLM-Interleaved (LLM-I), a flexible and dynamic framework that reframes interleaved image-text generation as a tool-use problem. LLM-I is designed to overcome the "one-tool" bottleneck of current unified models, which are limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zirun Guo , Feng Zhang , Kai Jia , Tao Jin

Controllable image synthesis models allow creation of diverse images based on text instructions or guidance from a reference image. Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have been shown to generate more realistic imagery than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xihui Liu , Dong Huk Park , Samaneh Azadi , Gong Zhang , Arman Chopikyan , Yuxiao Hu , Humphrey Shi , Anna Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

Natural language inference (NLI) is the task of determining if a natural language hypothesis can be inferred from a given premise in a justifiable manner. NLI was proposed as a benchmark task for natural language understanding. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Aakanksha Naik , Abhilasha Ravichander , Norman Sadeh , Carolyn Rose , Graham Neubig

Vision-Language Models like CLIP create aligned embedding spaces for text and images, making it possible for anyone to build a visual classifier by simply naming the classes they want to distinguish. However, a model that works well in one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kevin Robbins , Xiaotong Liu , Yu Wu , Le Sun , Grady McPeak , Abby Stylianou , Robert Pless

Text-to-image generation intends to automatically produce a photo-realistic image, conditioned on a textual description. It can be potentially employed in the field of art creation, data augmentation, photo-editing, etc. Although many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Zhenxing Zhang , Lambert Schomaker

There is growing excitement about the potential of Language Models (LMs) to accelerate scientific discovery. Falsifying hypotheses is key to scientific progress, as it allows claims to be iteratively refined over time. This process requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shiven Sinha , Shashwat Goel , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Jonas Geiping , Matthias Bethge , Ameya Prabhu

It's useful to automatically transform an image from its original form to some synthetic form (style, partial contents, etc.), while keeping the original structure or semantics. We define this requirement as the "image-to-image translation"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Hao Dong , Paarth Neekhara , Chao Wu , Yike Guo

Conditional image generation is an active research topic including text2image and image translation. Recently image manipulation with linguistic instruction brings new challenges of multimodal conditional generation. However, traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Zhenhuan Liu , Jincan Deng , Liang Li , Shaofei Cai , Qianqian Xu , Shuhui Wang , Qingming Huang

Effective data selection is essential for pretraining large language models (LLMs), enhancing efficiency and improving generalization to downstream tasks. However, existing approaches often require leveraging external pretrained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jie Hao , Rui Yu , Wei Zhang , Huixia Wang , Jie Xu , Mingrui Liu

Can a generative model be trained to produce images from a specific domain, guided by a text prompt only, without seeing any image? In other words: can an image generator be trained "blindly"? Leveraging the semantic power of large scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Rinon Gal , Or Patashnik , Haggai Maron , Gal Chechik , Daniel Cohen-Or

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are trained on data that inherently contains gender biases, leading to undesirable impacts. Traditional debiasing methods often rely on external corpora, which may lack quality, diversity, or demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Liu Yu , Ludie Guo , Ping Kuang , Fan Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to perform ad-hoc Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks with a simple natural language prompt. Part of the appeal for LLMs is their approachability to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aditi Mishra , Utkarsh Soni , Anjana Arunkumar , Jinbin Huang , Bum Chul Kwon , Chris Bryan

Recent advancements in Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated notable success in self-supervised representation learning across various tasks. However, the existing CLIP-like approaches often demand extensive GPU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuexi Du , Brian Chang , Nicha C. Dvornek

Recent advances in image editing have shifted from manual pixel manipulation to employing deep learning methods like stable diffusion models, which now leverage cross-attention mechanisms for text-driven control. This transition has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Linn Bieske , Carla Lorente