Related papers: Mechanical structures inside proton with configura…
We present the experimental status of electromagnetic hadron form factors. New and surprising results, based on polarization measurements, have been recently obtained for the electric proton and neutron form factors. In particular, the…
The alternative to the standard formulation of the quark-parton model is proposed. Our relativistically covariant approach is based on the solution of the master equations relating the structure and distribution functions, which…
We have investigated the properties of the structure functions of the nucleons in the context of the statistical model using only the radius parameter of the respective nucleons. The radius of the neutron has been estimated and is found to…
The constituent quarks are interpreted as bound states, which have an internal structure. The quark distributions of the proton are related to those of the constituent quarks. The experiments support this hypothesis. Likewise the spin…
The gravitational form factors of a hadron are defined through the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor current, which can be decomposed into the quark and gluonic parts, between the hadronic states. These form factors provide…
We determine the root-mean-square proton charge radius, $R_{\rm p}$, from a fit to low-$Q^2$ electron-proton elastic scattering cross section data with the higher moments fixed (within uncertainties) to the values predicted by chiral…
The first measurements of the diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}$ at HERA are discussed. A factorisable interpretation in which a partonic structure is assigned to the pomeron is investigated through QCD analyses in which both the…
A pedagogical review of the past 50 years of study of resonances, leading to our understanding of the quark content of baryons and mesons. The level of this review is intended for undergraduates or first-year graduate students. Topics…
The vast bulk of visible mass emerges from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. The past decade has revealed the three pillars that support this emergent hadron…
Background: There is significant current interest in knowing the value of the proton radius and also its proper definition. Purpose: Combine the disparate literatures of hydrogen spectroscopy and diverse modern parton distributions to show…
We calculate the partonic structure of constituent quark in the Next-to-Leading Order for the first time. The structure of any hadron can be obtained thereafter using a convolution method. Such a procedure is used to generate the structure…
We present our analysis on the photon structure functions at small Bjorken variable x in the framework of the holographic QCD. In the kinematic region, a photon can fluctuate into vector mesons and behaves like a hadron rather than a…
We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and study their applications for the description of the mechanical properties such as the pressure, shear force distributions, and the mechanical radius of the proton from its light-front…
We present the first high-twist study of the proton form factors $F_{1,2}(Q^2)$ in $ep$ elastic scattering based on the perturbative QCD $k_T$ factorization, $Q^2$ being momentum transfer squared. It is motivated by unexpectedly large…
We review the current understanding of heavy quark parton distributions in nucleons and their impact on deep inelastic scattering, collider physics, and other processes at high energies. The determination of the heavy-quark parton…
We calculate the spin density matrix of the hadron $h$ created via quark fragmentation in the process $e^-e^+ \to q\bar q \to h + X$. In the case of $h=\Lambda$ the experimental data could possibly elucidate the problem of $s$-quark…
We investigate deep inelastic lepton scattering from the nucleon within a constituent quark picture, in which the internal structure of constituent quarks is modeled by meson and diquark dressing. In a covariant framework this structure…
We present a detailed analysis of the proton electromagnetic form factors (FFs) using exclusive photon leptoproduction (EP) data in kinematic regions where the Beth-Heitler (BH) contribution dominates the deeply virtual Compton scattering…
Recent experimental data on space-like and time-like form factors of the nucleon are reviewed in light of a model of the nucleon with an intrinsic (quark-like) structure and a meson cloud. The analysis points to the astonishing result that…
We propose using the potential radius as a probe of the structure of hadrons, particularly to classify exotic hadrons as hadronic or quark composite states.In this study, we focus on the radius of the effective potential felt by each…