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Machine learning is yielding unprecedented interest in research and industry, due to recent success in many applied contexts such as image classification and object recognition. However, the deployment of these systems requires huge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Nassim Abderrahmane , Edgar Lemaire , Benoît Miramond

The advancement of large language models has led to models with billions of parameters, significantly increasing memory and compute demands. Serving such models on conventional hardware is challenging due to limited DRAM capacity and high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yongjoo Jang , Sangwoo Hwang , Hojin Lee , Sangwoo Jung , Donghun Lee , Wonbo Shim , Jaeha Kung

Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures have been widely studied for deep neural network (DNN) acceleration by reducing data transfer overhead between the memory and computing units. In conventional CIM design flows, system-level CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ming-Yen Lee , Shimeng Yu

Mixed-precision quantization is a popular approach for compressing deep neural networks (DNNs). However, it is challenging to scale the performance efficiently with mixed-precision DNNs given the current FPGA architecture and conventional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yuzong Chen , Jordan Dotzel , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Building efficient embedded deep learning systems requires a tight co-design between DNN algorithms, memory hierarchy, and dataflow. However, owing to the large degrees of freedom in the design space, finding an optimal solution through the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Linyan Mei , Pouya Houshmand , Vikram Jain , Sebastian Giraldo , Marian Verhelst

The integration of spiking neural networks (SNNs) with transformer-based architectures has opened new opportunities for bio-inspired low-power, event-driven visual reasoning on edge devices. However, the high temporal resolution and binary…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tamoghno Das , Khanh Phan Vu , Hanning Chen , Hyunwoo Oh , Mohsen Imani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in a variety of applications due to their advanced language understanding and generation capabilities. However, their computational and memory requirements pose significant challenges to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Cristobal Ortega , Yann Falevoz , Renaud Ayrignac

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos

Many modern workloads, such as neural networks, databases, and graph processing, are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, the data movement between main memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Ivan Fernandez , Christina Giannoula , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Onur Mutlu

Our ISCA 2015 paper provides a new programmable processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture and system design that can accelerate key data-intensive applications, with a focus on graph processing workloads. Our major idea was to completely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Junwhan Ahn , Sungpack Hong , Sungjoo Yoo , Onur Mutlu , Kiyoung Choi

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Non-volatile memory (NVM) crossbars have been identified as a promising technology, for accelerating important machine learning operations, with matrix-vector multiplication being a key example. Binary neural networks (BNNs) are especially…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ruirong Huang , Zichao Yue , Caroline Huang , Janarbek Matai , Zhiru Zhang

Existing FPGA-based DNN accelerators typically fall into two design paradigms. Either they adopt a generic reusable architecture to support different DNN networks but leave some performance and efficiency on the table because of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Xiaofan Zhang , Hanchen Ye , Junsong Wang , Yonghua Lin , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu , Deming Chen

With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address computationally- and memory-intensive big data analytic task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining growing interests. In this way, processing-in-DRAM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

Recent years have seen deep neural networks (DNNs) becoming wider and deeper to achieve better performance in many applications of AI. Such DNNs however require huge amounts of memory to store weights and intermediate results (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Taro Sekiyama , Takashi Imamichi , Haruki Imai , Rudy Raymond

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

Leveraging the high density and energy efficiency of Compute-In-Memory (CIM) crossbar-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators requires optimal Design Space Exploration (DSE), which becomes increasingly challenging as complex models for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Arnob Saha , Bibhas Manna , Nikhil Kotikalapudi , Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Rahul Kumar , Madhavan Swaminathan , Abhronil Sengupta

Recent breakthroughs in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have fueled a growing demand for DNN chips. However, designing DNN chips is non-trivial because: (1) mainstream DNNs have millions of parameters and operations; (2) the large design space…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Pengfei Xu , Xiaofan Zhang , Cong Hao , Yang Zhao , Yongan Zhang , Yue Wang , Chaojian Li , Zetong Guan , Deming Chen , Yingyan Lin

After nearly a decade of anticipation, scalable nonvolatile memory DIMMs are finally commercially available with the release of Intel's 3D XPoint DIMM. This new nonvolatile DIMM supports byte-granularity accesses with access times on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Jian Yang , Juno Kim , Morteza Hoseinzadeh , Joseph Izraelevitz , Steven Swanson