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Numerous deep learning algorithms have been inspired by and understood via the notion of information bottleneck, where unnecessary information is (often implicitly) minimized while task-relevant information is maximized. However, a rigorous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhun Deng , Xu Ji , Jiaoyang Huang

We propose a simple architecture for deep reinforcement learning by embedding inputs into a learned Fourier basis and show that it improves the sample efficiency of both state-based and image-based RL. We perform infinite-width analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Alexander C. Li , Deepak Pathak

This paper proposes a deep representation learning using an information-theoretic loss with an aim to increase the inter-class distances as well as within-class similarity in the embedded space. Tasks such as anomaly and out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Shin Ando

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers an information-theoretic framework for analyzing the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Its essence lies in tracking the dynamics of two mutual information (MI) values: between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Tolmachev , Sofia Malanchuk , Anna Neopryatnaya , Alexey Frolov , Kirill Andreev

Learning in neural systems arises from synaptic changes that reshape the representations underlying behavior. While low-rank recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for linking connectivity to function, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yoav Ger , Omri Barak

The last layer of neural language models (LMs) projects output features of dimension $D$ to logits in dimension $V$, the size of the vocabulary, where usually $D \ll V$. This mismatch is known to raise risks of limited expressivity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nathan Godey , Yoav Artzi

The empirical emergence of neural collapse -- a surprising symmetry in the feature representations of the training data in the penultimate layer of deep neural networks -- has spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peter Súkeník , Christoph H. Lampert , Marco Mondelli

We analyze the learning dynamics of infinitely wide neural networks with a finite sized bottle-neck. Unlike the neural tangent kernel limit, a bottleneck in an otherwise infinite width network al-lows data dependent feature learning in its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Etai Littwin , Omid Saremi , Shuangfei Zhai , Vimal Thilak , Hanlin Goh , Joshua M. Susskind , Greg Yang

There has recently been much work on the "wide limit" of neural networks, where Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) are shown to converge to a Gaussian process (GP) as all hidden layers are sent to infinite width. However, these results do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-07 Devanshu Agrawal , Theodore Papamarkou , Jacob Hinkle

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

Deep neural networks (DNN) with a huge number of adjustable parameters remain largely black boxes. To shed light on the hidden layers of DNN, we study supervised learning by a DNN of width $N$ and depth $L$ consisting of $NL$ perceptrons…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-01 Hajime Yoshino

Neural models learn representations of high-dimensional data on low-dimensional manifolds. Multiple factors, including stochasticities in the training process, model architectures, and additional inductive biases, may induce different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hanlin Yu , Berfin Inal , Georgios Arvanitidis , Soren Hauberg , Francesco Locatello , Marco Fumero

The substantial computational demands of modern large-scale deep learning present significant challenges for efficient training and deployment. Recent research has revealed a widespread phenomenon wherein deep networks inherently learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Laura Balzano , Tianjiao Ding , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Soo Min Kwon , Qing Qu , Peng Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Can Yaras

The deep linear network (DLN) is a model for implicit regularization in gradient based optimization of overparametrized learning architectures. Training the DLN corresponds to a Riemannian gradient flow, where the Riemannian metric is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-12 Nadav Cohen , Govind Menon , Zsolt Veraszto

Autoencoders have achieved great success in various computer vision applications. The autoencoder learns appropriate low dimensional image representations through the self-supervised paradigm, i.e., reconstruction. Existing studies mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Jianzhang Zheng , Hao Shen , Jian Yang , Xuan Tang , Mingsong Chen , Hui Yu , Jielong Guo , Xian Wei

Neural collapse (NC) and its multi-layer variant, deep neural collapse (DNC), describe a structured geometry that occurs in the features and weights of trained deep networks. Recent theoretical work by Sukenik et al. using a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Connall Garrod , Jonathan P. Keating

The learning dynamics of deep neural networks are subject to controversy. Using the information bottleneck (IB) theory separate fitting and compression phases have been put forward but have since been heavily debated. We approach learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Johannes Schneider

Understanding the dynamics of neural networks in different width regimes is crucial for improving their training and performance. We present an exact solution for the learning dynamics of a one-hidden-layer linear network, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yizhou Xu , Liu Ziyin

We study the loss surface of DNNs with $L_{2}$ regularization. We show that the loss in terms of the parameters can be reformulated into a loss in terms of the layerwise activations $Z_{\ell}$ of the training set. This reformulation reveals…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Arthur Jacot , Eugene Golikov , Clément Hongler , Franck Gabriel

Randomized Neural Networks explore the behavior of neural systems where the majority of connections are fixed, either in a stochastic or a deterministic fashion. Typical examples of such systems consist of multi-layered neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Claudio Gallicchio , Simone Scardapane