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This article investigates the isomorphism problem for graphs derived from the four standard graph products: Cartesian, Kronecker (direct), strong, and lexicographic product. We provide a complete characterization of all simple connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Priti Prasanna Mondal , M. Rajesh Kannan , Fouzul Atik

A tangled-diagram over $[n]=\{1,...,n\}$ is a graph of degree less than two whose vertices $1,...,n$ are arranged in a horizontal line and whose arcs are drawn in the upper halfplane with a particular notion of crossings and nestings.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-10 William Y. C. Chen , Jing Qin , Christian M. Reidys

In this paper we explore some results concerning the spread of the line and the total graph of a given graph. In particular, it is proved that for an $(n,m)$ connected graph $G$ with $m > n \geq 4$ the spread of $G$ is less than or equal to…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-10 E. Andrade , E. Lenes , E. Mallea , M. Robbiano , Jonnathan Rodríguez

A graph is edge-transitive if the natural action of its automorphism group on its edge set is transitive. An automorphism of a graph is semiregular if all of the orbits of the subgroup generated by this automorphism have the same length.…

Let $D$ be a strongly connected directed graph of order $n\geq 4$ which satisfies the following condition (*): for every pair of non-adjacent vertices $x, y$ with a common in-neighbour $d(x)+d(y)\geq 2n-1$ and $min \{ d(x), d(y)\}\geq n-1$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-24 Samvel Kh. Darbinyan , Iskandar A. Karapetyan

In this paper it is proved that there are constants 0< c_2< c_1 such that an asymptotic formula can be given for the the number of (labeled) n-vertex graphs of diameter d whenever n tends to infinity and 2 < d < n - c_1 (log n). A typical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-23 Zoltan Furedi , Younjin Kim

An internal or friendly partition of a graph is a partition of the vertex set into two nonempty sets so that every vertex has at least as many neighbours in its own class as in the other one. It has been shown that apart from finitely many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Pál Bärnkopf , Zoltán Lóránt Nagy , Zoltán Paulovics

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs that have both arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case in which such graphs are Cayley graphs of Abelian groups. These groups can be constructed by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-20 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol , N. López

Let $n\ge 34$ be an even integer, and $D_n=2\lceil n/4 \rceil-1$. In this paper, we prove that every $\{D_n,\,D_n+1\}$-graph of order $n$ contains $\lceil n/4 \rceil$ disjoint perfect matchings. This result is sharp in the sense that (i)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-03 Hongliang Lu , David G. L. Wang

A non-complete graph is \emph{$2$-distance-transitive} if, for $i=1,2$ and for any two vertex pairs $(u_1,v_1)$ and $(u_2,v_2)$ with the same distance $i$ in the graph, there exists an element of the graph automorphism group that maps…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Wei Jin , Pingshan Li , Li Tan

For any natural number $d$, a graph $G$ is a (disjoint) $d$-interval graph if it is the intersection graph of (disjoint) $d$-intervals, the union of $d$ (disjoint) intervals on the real line. Two important subclasses of $d$-interval graphs…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Virginia Ardévol Martínez , Romeo Rizzi , Abdallah Saffidine , Florian Sikora , Stéphane Vialette

According to the O'Nan--Scott Theorem, a finite primitive permutation group either preserves a structure of one of three types (affine space, Cartesian lattice, or diagonal semilattice), or is almost simple. However, diagonal groups are a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 R. A. Bailey , Peter J. Cameron

A graph $\G$ admitting a group $H$ of automorphisms acting semi-regularly on the vertices with exactly two orbits is called a {\em bi-Cayley graph\/} over $H$. Such a graph $\G$ is called {\em normal\/} if $H$ is normal in the full…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-16 Marston Conder , Jin-Xin Zhou , Yan-Quan Feng , Mi-Mi Zhang

The unitary Cayley graph has vertex set $\{0,1, \hdots ,n-1\}$, where two vertices $u$ and $v$ are adjacent if $\gcd(u - v, n) = 1$. In this paper, we study periodicity and perfect state transfer of Grover walks on the unitary Cayley…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Koushik Bhakta , Bikash Bhattacharjya

Let $\mathcal{D}_k$ be the class of graphs for which every minor has minimum degree at most $k$. Then $\mathcal{D}_k$ is closed under taking minors. By the Robertson-Seymour graph minor theorem, $\mathcal{D}_k$ is characterised by a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-07 Gašper Fijavž , David R. Wood

Efficiency of routing on a regular digraph often involves finding opitmal properties of the graph. For example, the diameter of a digraph is the maximum distance between any two vertices. We show how we can study these problems…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Nyumbu Chishwashwa , Vance Faber , Noah Streib

Let $P$ be a set of $n\geq 3$ points in general position in the plane. The edge disjointness graph $D(P)$ of $P$ is the graph whose vertices are all the closed straight line segments with endpoints in $P$, two of which are adjacent in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 J. Leaños , Christophe Ndjatchi , L. M. Ríos-Castro

Graphlets are defined as k-node connected induced subgraph patterns. For an undirected graph, 3-node graphlets include close triangle and open triangle. When k = 4, there are six types of graphlets, e.g., tailed-triangle and clique are two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Xutong Liu , Yu-Zhen Janice Chen , John C. S. Lui , Konstantin Avrachenkov

Let $G_n=\mathbb{Z}_n\times \mathbb{Z}_n$ for $n\geq 4$ and $S=\{(i,0),(0,i),(i,i): 1\leq i \leq n-1\}\subset G_n$. Define $\Gamma(n)$ to be the Cayley graph of $G_n$ with respect to the connecting set $S$. It is known that $\Gamma(n)$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Angsuman Das , S. Morteza Mirafzal

A Cayley graph $\Ga=\Cay(G,S)$ is said to be normal if $G$ is normal in $\Aut\Ga$. The concept of normal Cayley graphs was first proposed by M.Y.Xu in [Discrete Math. 182, 309-319, 1998] and it plays an important role in determining the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-21 Bo Ling , Ben Gong Lou