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Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

Short-reading comprehension questions help students understand text structure but lack effective feedback. Students struggle to identify and correct errors, while manual feedback creation is labor-intensive. This highlights the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Momoka Furuhashi , Hiroaki Funayama , Yuya Iwase , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Yoriko Isobe , Toru Nagahama , Saku Sugawara , Kentaro Inui

Leveraging pre-trained models with tailored prompts for in-context learning has proven highly effective in NLP tasks. Building on this success, recent studies have applied a similar approach to the Segment Anything Model (SAM) within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Hangyul Yoon , Doohyuk Jang , Jungeun Kim , Eunho Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi

Assessing soft skills such as empathy, ethical judgment, and communication is essential in competitive selection processes, yet human scoring is often inconsistent and biased. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved Automated Essay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ryan Huynh , Frank Guerin , Alison Callwood

Automated speaking assessment (ASA) on opinion expressions is often hampered by the scarcity of labeled recordings, which restricts prompt diversity and undermines scoring reliability. To address this challenge, we propose a novel training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chung-Chun Wang , Jhen-Ke Lin , Hao-Chien Lu , Hong-Yun Lin , Berlin Chen

As an alternative to question answering methods based on feature engineering, deep learning approaches such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory Models (LSTMs) have recently been proposed for semantic matching…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Liu Yang , Qingyao Ai , Jiafeng Guo , W. Bruce Croft

Short answer scoring (SAS) is the task of grading short text written by a learner. In recent years, deep-learning-based approaches have substantially improved the performance of SAS models, but how to guarantee high-quality predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Hiroaki Funayama , Tasuku Sato , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Tomoya Mizumoto , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

Subjective answer evaluation is a time-consuming and tedious task, and the quality of the evaluation is heavily influenced by a variety of subjective personal characteristics. Instead, machine evaluation can effectively assist educators in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Yining Lu , Jingxi Qiu , Gaurav Gupta

We propose a method for arbitrary textual style transfer (TST)--the task of transforming a text into any given style--utilizing general-purpose pre-trained language models. Our method, Prompt-and-Rerank, is based on a mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Mirac Suzgun , Luke Melas-Kyriazi , Dan Jurafsky

Effective and timely feedback in educational assessments is essential but labor-intensive, especially for complex tasks. Recent developments in automated feedback systems, ranging from deterministic response grading to the evaluation of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Tianyi Liu , Julia Chatain , Laura Kobel-Keller , Gerd Kortemeyer , Thomas Willwacher , Mrinmaya Sachan

Automated essay scoring (AES) aims to score essays written for a given prompt, which defines the writing topic. Most existing AES systems assume to grade essays of the same prompt as used in training and assign only a holistic score.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Heejin Do , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Although several methods were proposed to address the problem of automated essay scoring (AES) in the last 50 years, there is still much to desire in terms of effectiveness. Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer-based models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Watheq Mansour , Salam Albatarni , Sohaila Eltanbouly , Tamer Elsayed

Large audio-language models (LALMs) exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities in multiple downstream tasks, such as audio question answering (AQA) and abstract reasoning; however, these models still lag behind specialized models for certain…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Videet Mehta , Liming Wang , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James R. Glass , M. Jehanzeb Mirza

We propose a novel prompt tuning method called CoAPT(Context Attribute words in Prompt Tuning) for few/zero-shot image classification. The core motivation is that attributes are descriptive words with rich information about a given concept.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Gun Lee , Subin An , Sungyong Baik , Soochahn Lee

Individual feedback can help students improve their essay writing skills. However, the manual effort required to provide such feedback limits individualization in practice. Automatically-generated essay feedback may serve as an alternative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Maja Stahl , Leon Biermann , Andreas Nehring , Henning Wachsmuth

Automated Text Scoring (ATS) provides a cost-effective and consistent alternative to human marking. However, in order to achieve good performance, the predictive features of the system need to be manually engineered by human experts. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Dimitrios Alikaniotis , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated strong performance in image segmentation of natural scene images. However, its effectiveness diminishes markedly when applied to specific scientific domains, such as Scanning Probe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Shen , Ziwei Wei , Chunmeng Liu , Shuming Wei , Qi Zhao , Kaiyang Zeng , Guangyao Li

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) assigns scores to student essays, reducing the grading workload for instructors. Developing a scoring system capable of handling essays across diverse prompts is challenging due to the flexibility and diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Alejandro Ciuba , Xiang Lorraine Li

Automatic grading of subjective questions remains a significant challenge in examination assessment due to the diversity in question formats and the open-ended nature of student responses. Existing works primarily focus on a specific type…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Fanwei Zhua , Jiaxuan He , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zulong Chen , Quan Lu , Chenrui Mei