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The Universal Approximation Theorem (UAT) guarantees universal function approximation but does not explain how residual models distribute approximation across layers. We reframe residual networks as a layer-wise approximation process that…
In this paper, we explain the universal approximation capabilities of deep residual neural networks through geometric nonlinear control. Inspired by recent work establishing links between residual networks and control systems, we provide a…
Recent works have shown that gradient descent can find a global minimum for over-parameterized neural networks where the widths of all the hidden layers scale polynomially with $N$ ($N$ being the number of training samples). In this paper,…
UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is a novel manifold learning technique for dimension reduction. UMAP is constructed from a theoretical framework based in Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology. The result is a…
This paper establishes the (nearly) optimal approximation error characterization of deep rectified linear unit (ReLU) networks for smooth functions in terms of both width and depth simultaneously. To that end, we first prove that…
The universal approximation property uniformly with respect to weakly compact families of measures is established for several classes of neural networks. To that end, we prove that these neural networks are dense in Orlicz spaces, thereby…
Effective feature representation is key to the predictive performance of any algorithm. This paper introduces a meta-procedure, called Non-Euclidean Upgrading (NEU), which learns feature maps that are expressive enough to embed the…
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…
Neural networks (NNs) are known for their high predictive accuracy in complex learning problems. Beside practical advantages, NNs also indicate favourable theoretical properties such as universal approximation (UA) theorems. Binarized…
Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) represent a formidable challenge for theorists: according to the commonly accepted probabilistic framework that describes their performance, these architectures should overfit due to the huge number of…
This paper examines the $L_p$ and $W^1_p$ norm approximation errors of ReLU neural networks for Korobov functions. In terms of network width and depth, we derive nearly optimal super-approximation error bounds of order $2m$ in the $L_p$…
One of the most influential results in neural network theory is the universal approximation theorem [1, 2, 3] which states that continuous functions can be approximated to within arbitrary accuracy by single-hidden-layer feedforward neural…
The universal approximation theorem states that a neural network with one hidden layer can approximate continuous functions on compact sets with any desired precision. This theorem supports using neural networks for various applications,…
Universality results for equivariant neural networks remain rare. Those that do exist typically hold only in restrictive settings: either they rely on regular or higher-order tensor representations, leading to impractically high-dimensional…
The capability of recurrent neural networks to approximate trajectories of a random dynamical system, with random inputs, on non-compact domains, and over an indefinite or infinite time horizon is considered. The main result states that…
We consider the problem of exact computation of the maximum function over $d$ real inputs using ReLU neural networks. We prove a depth hierarchy, wherein width $\Omega\big(d^{1+\frac{1}{2^{k-2}-1}}\big)$ is necessary to represent the…
We investigate the approximation capabilities of dense neural networks. While universal approximation theorems establish that sufficiently large architectures can approximate arbitrary continuous functions if there are no restrictions on…
A significant connection exists between the controllability of dynamical systems and the approximation capabilities of neural networks, where residual networks and vanilla feedforward neural networks can both be regarded as numerical…
We consider approximations of general continuous functions on finite-dimensional cubes by general deep ReLU neural networks and study the approximation rates with respect to the modulus of continuity of the function and the total number of…
Deep learning architectures are highly diverse. To prove their universal approximation properties, existing works typically rely on model-specific proofs. Generally, they construct a dedicated mathematical formulation for each architecture…