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Neural networks have become increasingly popular in the last few years as an effective tool for the task of image classification due to the impressive performance they have achieved on this task. In image classification tasks, it is common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lucas M. Dorneles , Luan Fonseca Garcia , Joel Luís Carbonera

Self-supervised contrastive learning is among the recent representation learning methods that have shown performance gains in several downstream tasks including semantic segmentation. This paper evaluates strong data augmentation, one of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Azeez Idris , Abdurahman Ali Mohammed , Samuel Fanijo

Data augmentation is commonly used to encode invariances in learning methods. However, this process is often performed in an inefficient manner, as artificial examples are created by applying a number of transformations to all points in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Michael Kuchnik , Virginia Smith

The embedding spaces of image models have been shown to encode a range of social biases such as racism and sexism. Here, we investigate specific factors that contribute to the emergence of these biases in Vision Transformers (ViT).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jannik Brinkmann , Paul Swoboda , Christian Bartelt

Automated fact checking systems have been proposed that quickly provide veracity prediction at scale to mitigate the negative influence of fake news on people and on public opinion. However, most studies focus on veracity classifiers of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Shih-Chieh Dai , Yi-Li Hsu , Aiping Xiong , Lun-Wei Ku

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

Machine learning models that operate on graph-structured data, such as molecular graphs or social networks, often make accurate predictions but offer little insight into why certain predictions are made. Counterfactual explanations address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 David Bechtoldt , Sidney Bender

The standard approach to tackling computer vision problems is to train deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models using large-scale image datasets which are representative of the target task. However, in many scenarios, it is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Alhassan Mumuni , Fuseini Mumuni , Nana Kobina Gerrar

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

It is fair to say that many of the prominent examples of bias in Machine Learning (ML) arise from bias that is there in the training data. In fact, some would argue that supervised ML algorithms cannot be biased, they reflect the data on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 William Blanzeisky , Pádraig Cunningham

Data augmentation methods are commonly integrated into the training of anomaly detection models. Previous approaches have primarily focused on replicating real-world anomalies or enhancing diversity, without considering that the standard of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jiang Lin , Yaping Yan

Counterfactual data augmentation (CDA) -- i.e., adding minimally perturbed inputs during training -- helps reduce model reliance on spurious correlations and improves generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Prior work on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Tanay Dixit , Bhargavi Paranjape , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer

Many approaches have been proposed to use diffusion models to augment training datasets for downstream tasks, such as classification. However, diffusion models are themselves trained on large datasets, often with noisy annotations, and it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Max F. Burg , Florian Wenzel , Dominik Zietlow , Max Horn , Osama Makansi , Francesco Locatello , Chris Russell

Deep artificial neural networks require a large corpus of training data in order to effectively learn, where collection of such training data is often expensive and laborious. Data augmentation overcomes this issue by artificially inflating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Luke Taylor , Geoff Nitschke

Deep learning has achieved remarkable results in many computer vision tasks. Deep neural networks typically rely on large amounts of training data to avoid overfitting. However, labeled data for real-world applications may be limited. By…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Suorong Yang , Weikang Xiao , Mengchen Zhang , Suhan Guo , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen

Image retrieval is a crucial research topic in computer vision, with broad application prospects ranging from online product searches to security surveillance systems. In recent years, the accuracy and efficiency of image retrieval have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Kim Jinwoo

Despite substantial progress in abstractive text summarization to generate fluent and informative texts, the factual inconsistency in the generated summaries remains an important yet challenging problem to be solved. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Chenhe Dong , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Generative models for counterfactual outcomes face two key sources of bias. Confounding bias arises when approaches fail to account for systematic differences between those who receive the intervention and those who do not. Misspecification…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-23 Alex Luedtke , Kenji Fukumizu

The rapid progress in machine learning methods has been empowered by i) huge datasets that have been collected and annotated, ii) improved engineering (e.g. data pre-processing/normalization). The existing datasets typically include several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Grigorios G. Chrysos , Yannis Panagakis , Stefanos Zafeiriou

In recommendation literature, explainability and fairness are becoming two prominent perspectives to consider. However, prior works have mostly addressed them separately, for instance by explaining to consumers why a certain item was…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Ludovico Boratto , Francesco Fabbri , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras , Giacomo Medda