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Lower bounds and impossibility results in distributed computing are both intellectually challenging and practically important. Hundreds if not thousands of proofs appear in the literature, but surprisingly, the vast majority of them apply…
A family of leaderless, decentralized consensus protocols, called Snow consensus was introduced in a recent whitepaper by Yin et al. These protocols address limitations of existing consensus methods, such as those using proof-of-work or…
Quorum systems are a key abstraction in distributed fault-tolerant computing for capturing trust assumptions. They can be found at the core of many algorithms for implementing reliable broadcasts, shared memory, consensus and other…
Numerous distributed tasks have to be handled in a setting where a fraction of nodes behaves Byzantine, that is, deviates arbitrarily from the intended protocol. Resilient, deterministic protocols rely on the detection of majorities to…
Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…
This paper describes a simple and efficient asynchronous Binary Byzantine faulty tolerant consensus algorithm. In the algorithm, non-faulty nodes perform an initial broadcast followed by a executing a series of rounds each consisting of a…
Sidechain technology has been envisioned as a promising solution to accelerate today's public blockchains in terms of scalability and interoperability. By relying on the mainchain for security, different sidechains can formulate their own…
Distributed Computing in Blockchain Technology (BCT) hinges on a trust assumption among independent nodes. Without a third-party interface or what is known as a Blockchain Oracle, it can not interact with the external world. This Oracle…
Existing research on federated learning has been focused on the setting where learning is coordinated by a centralized entity. Yet the greatest potential of future collaborative intelligence would be unleashed in a more open and…
Proof-of-stake blockchains require consensus protocols that support Dynamic Availability and Reconfiguration (so-called DAR setting), where the former means that the consensus protocol should remain live even if a large number of nodes…
Consensus, abstracting a myriad of problems in which processes have to agree on a single value, is one of the most celebrated problems of fault-tolerant distributed computing. Consensus applications include fundamental services for the…
Collecting anonymous opinions finds various applications ranging from simple whistleblowing, releasing secretive information, to complex forms of voting, where participants rank candidates by order of preferences. Unfortunately, as far as…
Blockchain is a type of decentralized distributed network which acts as an immutable digital ledger. Despite the absence of any central governing authority to validate the blocks in the ledger, it is considered secure and immutable due to…
In the high-stakes race to develop more scalable blockchains, some platforms (Binance, Cosmos, EOS, TRON, etc.) have adopted committee-based consensus (CBC) protocols, whereby the blockchain's record-keeping rights are entrusted to a…
The Hashgraph consensus algorithm is an algorithm for asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance intended for distributed shared ledgers. Its main distinguishing characteristic is it achieves consensus without exchanging any extra messages;…
Blockchain technology has revolutionized the digital landscape, driving innovations across industries through its decentralized and transparent infrastructure. These networks are primarily categorized as public or private, based on user…
Byzantine general problem is the core problem of the consensus algorithm, and many protocols are proposed recently to improve the decentralization level, the performance and the security of the blockchain. There are two challenging issues…
We define and analyze three mechanisms for getting common knowledge, a posteriori truths about the world onto a blockchain in a decentralized setting. We show that, when a reasonable economic condition is met, these mechanisms are…
In this paper we explore a context of application of Cob, a recently introduced Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus protocol. Cob proves to be a leaderless consensus protocol which carries out the consensus process in parallel on each…
To implement a blockchain, the trend is now to integrate a non-trivial Byzantine fault tolerant consensus algorithm instead of the seminal idea of waiting to receive blocks to decide upon the longest branch. After a decade of existence,…