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We present a general formalism for giving a measure space paired with a separable Hilbert space a quantum version based on normalized positive operator-valued measure. The latter are built from families of density operators labelled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Jean Pierre Gazeau , Barbara Heller

Quantum steering is an asymmetric correlation which occupies a place between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In the paradigmatic scenario involving the protagonists Alice and Bob, the entangled state shared between them, is said to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Komal Kumar , Nirman Ganguly

Sufficient and necessary conditions are presented for the existence of $(N,M)$-positive operator valued measures ($(N,M)$-POVMs) valid for arbitrary-dimensional quantum systems. A sufficient condition for the existence of $(N,M)$-POVMs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Maximilian Schumacher , Gernot Alber

We investigate whether paradigmatic measurements for quantum state tomography, namely mutually unbiased bases and symmetric informationally complete measurements, can be employed to certify quantum correlations. For this purpose, we…

We characterize the extremal points of the convex set of quantum measurements that are covariant under a finite-dimensional projective representation of a compact group, with action of the group on the measurement probability space which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano

The description of the complex separability structure of quantum states in terms of partially ordered sets has been recently put forward. In this work, we address the question of how to efficiently determine these structures for unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-11 Guillermo García-Pérez , Oskari Kerppo , Matteo A. C. Rossi , Sabrina Maniscalco

Every sufficiently rich set of measurements on a fixed quantum system defines a statistical norm on the states of that system via the optimal bias that can be achieved in distinguishing the states using measurements from that set (assuming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-03 William Matthews , Stephanie Wehner , Andreas Winter

We propose a scheme to implement general quantum measurements, also known as Positive Operator Valued Measures (POVMs) in dimension $d$ using only classical resources and a single ancillary qubit. Our method is based on the probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Tanmay Singal , Filip B. Maciejewski , Michał Oszmaniec

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an intermediate type of quantum nonlocality which sits between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. A set of correlations is Bell nonlocal if it does not admit a local hidden variable (LHV) model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Quan Quan , Huangjun Zhu , Heng Fan , Wen-Li Yang

Occupying a position between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Many criteria have been proposed and experimentally implemented to characterize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Zhihua Chen , Xiangjun Ye , Shaoming Fei

The Schmidt number characterizes the quantum entanglement of a bipartite mixed state and plays a significant role in certifying entanglement of quantum states. We derive a Schmidt number criterion based on the trace norm of the correlation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-16 Zhen Wang , Bao-Zhi Sun , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

An open quantum system leaks information into its environment. In some circumstances it is possible for an observer, say Alice, to recover that information, as a classical measurement record, in a variety of different ways, using different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Areeya Chantasri , Kiarn T. Laverick , Howard M. Wiseman

Schr\"odinger held that a local quantum system has some objectively real quantum state and no other (hidden) properties. He therefore took the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) phenomenon, which he generalized and called `steering', to require…

Quantum steering is considered as one of the most well-known nonlocal phenomena in quantum mechanics. Unlike entanglement and Bell non-locality, the asymmetry of quantum steering makes it vital for one-sided device-independent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Li-Juan Li , Xiao-Gang Fan , Xue-Ke Song , Liu Ye , Dong Wang

Evaluating the amount of information obtained from non-orthogonal quantum states is an important topic in the field of quantum information. The commonly used evaluation method is Holevo bound, which only provides a loose upper bound for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 Wei Li , Shengmei Zhao

Determining the conditions under which positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), the most general class of quantum measurements, outperform projective measurements remains a challenging and largely unresolved problem. Of particular…

The existence of quantum correlations that allow one party to steer the quantum state of another party is a counterintuitive quantum effect that has been described already at the beginning of the past century. Steering occurs if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-04 Tobias Moroder , Oleg Gittsovich , Marcus Huber , Roope Uola , Otfried Gühne

In this report, we present a framework for implementing an arbitrary $n$-outcome generalized quantum measurement (POVM) on an $m$-qubit register as a sequence of two-outcome measurements requiring only single ancillary qubit. Our procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Daniel Reitzner , Jan Bouda

The discrimination of quantum states is a central problem in quantum information science and technology. Meanwhile, partial post-selection has emerged as a valuable tool for quantum state engineering. In this work, we bring these two areas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Qipeng Qian , Christos N. Gagatsos

We obtain a formal characterization of the compatibility or otherwise of a set of positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) via their Naimark extensions. We show that a set of POVMs is jointly measurable if and only if there exists a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Arindam Mitra , Sibasish Ghosh , Prabha Mandayam