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Scientifically evaluating soccer players represents a challenging Machine Learning problem. Unfortunately, most existing answers have very opaque algorithm training procedures; relevant data are scarcely accessible and almost impossible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Garnier , Théophane Gregoir

Soccer is a sparse rewarding game: any smart or careless action in critical situations can change the result of the match. Therefore players, coaches, and scouts are all curious about the best action to be performed in critical situations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Pegah Rahimian , Afshin Oroojlooy , Laszlo Toka

Assessing the impact of the individual actions performed by soccer players during games is a crucial aspect of the player recruitment process. Unfortunately, most traditional metrics fall short in addressing this task as they either focus…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-01 Tom Decroos , Lotte Bransen , Jan Van Haaren , Jesse Davis

Action scene understanding in soccer is a challenging task due to the complex and dynamic nature of the game, as well as the interactions between players. This article provides a comprehensive overview of this task divided into action…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Karolina Seweryn , Anna Wróblewska , Szymon Łukasik

This work proposes a scheme that allows learning complex multi-agent behaviors in a sample efficient manner, applied to 2v2 soccer. The problem is formulated as a Markov game, and solved using deep reinforcement learning. We propose a basic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Pavan Samtani , Francisco Leiva , Javier Ruiz-del-Solar

We apply multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (RL) to train end-to-end robot soccer policies with fully onboard computation and sensing via egocentric RGB vision. This setting reflects many challenges of real-world robotics, including…

Continuous-time assessments of game outcomes in sports have become increasingly common in the last decade. In American football, only discrete-time estimates of play value were possible, since the most advanced public football datasets were…

It is challenging to get access to datasets related to the physical performance of soccer players. The teams consider such information highly confidential, especially if it covers in-game performance.Hence, most of the analysis and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Laszlo Gyarmati , Mohamed Hefeeda

Action spotting in soccer videos is the task of identifying the specific time when a certain key action of the game occurs. Lately, it has received a large amount of attention and powerful methods have been introduced. Action spotting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Alejandro Cartas , Coloma Ballester , Gloria Haro

With the development of measurement technology, data on the movements of actual games in various sports can be obtained and used for planning and evaluating the tactics and strategy. Defense in team sports is generally difficult to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Kosuke Toda , Masakiyo Teranishi , Keisuke Kushiro , Keisuke Fujii

In many real-world complex systems, the behavior can be observed as a collection of discrete events generated by multiple interacting agents. Analyzing the dynamics of these multi-agent systems, especially team sports, often relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Rikuhei Umemoto , Keisuke Fujii

Soccer analytics rely on two data sources: the player positions on the pitch and the sequences of events they perform. With around 2000 ball events per game, their precise and exhaustive annotation based on a monocular video stream remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeremie Ochin , Guillaume Devineau , Bogdan Stanciulescu , Sotiris Manitsaris

Invasion team sports such as soccer produce a high-dimensional, strongly coupled state space as many players continuously interact on a shared field, challenging quantitative tactical analysis. Traditional rule-based analyses are intuitive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kenjiro Ide , Taiga Someya , Kohei Kawaguchi , Keisuke Fujii

Objectively quantifying the value of player actions in football (soccer) is a challenging problem. To date, studies in football analytics have mainly focused on the attacking side of the game, while there has been less work on event-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Charbel Merhej , Ryan Beal , Sarvapali Ramchurn , Tim Matthews

Evaluating the individual movements for teammates in soccer players is crucial for assessing teamwork, scouting, and fan engagement. It has been said that players in a 90-min game do not have the ball for about 87 minutes on average.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Masakiyo Teranishi , Kazushi Tsutsui , Kazuya Takeda , Keisuke Fujii

Recent work has shown that deep neural networks are capable of approximating both value functions and policies in reinforcement learning domains featuring continuous state and action spaces. However, to the best of our knowledge no previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Matthew Hausknecht , Peter Stone

A quest for uncovering influence of behaviour on team performance involves understanding individual behaviour, interactions with others and environment, variations across groups, and effects of interventions. Although insights into each of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-11 Hidemasa Ishii , Yohei Takai , Yuichiro Marui , Yoshihiro Yamazaki , Yusuke Kato , Hiroshi Kori

In soccer (or association football), players quickly go from heroes to zeroes, or vice-versa. Performance is not a static measure but a somewhat volatile one. Analyzing performance as a time series rather than a stationary point in time is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Tiago Mendes-Neves , Luís Meireles , João Mendes-Moreira

Technology offers new ways to measure the locations of the players and of the ball in sports. This translates to the trajectories the ball takes on the field as a result of the tactics the team applies. The challenge professionals in soccer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Laszlo Gyarmati , Xavier Anguera

Although the data-driven analysis of football players' performance has been developed for years, most research only focuses on the on-ball event including shots and passes, while the off-ball movement remains a little-explored area in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yisheng Pei , Varuna De Silva , Mike Caine
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